hard

adjective

/hɑːd/

/hɑːrd/

(comparative harder, superlative hardest)

Idioms

difficult不易

difficult to do, understand or answer难做的；难懂的；难以回答的

a hard choice/decision/question 艰难的选择/决定/问题
hard to do something It is hard to believe that she's only nine.很难相信她只有九岁。
It's hard to see how they can lose.很难理解他们怎么会输。
It's hard to imagine a more cynical political strategy.很难想象还有比这更愤世嫉俗的政治策略。
‘When will the job be finished?’ ‘It's hard to say (= it is difficult to be certain)’ .“这项工作什么时候能完成？” “难说。”
It's getting harder and harder to earn enough to pay the rent.挣够房租越来越难了。
I find his attitude very hard to take (= difficult to accept).他的态度让我难以接受。
We're finding reliable staff hard to come by (= difficult to get).我们觉得难以找到可靠的职员。
Houses like this are extremely hard to find.像这样的房子极难找到。
You are hard to please, aren’t you?你很难取悦，不是吗？
I found it hard to believe what they told me.我发现很难相信他们告诉我的话。
hard for somebody It must be hard for her, bringing up four children on her own.她一个人抚养四个孩子一定很艰难。
hard for somebody to do something It's hard for old people to change their ways.老年人难以改变他们的习惯。

opposite easy

I found the exam quite hard.我觉得这次考试非常难。
I always found languages quite hard at school.在学校读书时我总觉得语言很难学。
Some viruses can be harder to identify.有些病毒可能更难识别。
The reason for their absence wasn't hard to find.他们缺席的原因不难找到。
They were given a list of hard spellings to learn.给了他们一份要学习的拼写难题清单。
If you tell the children the answers, it only makes it harder for them to do the work on their own.你要是把答案告诉孩子们，只会让他们更难独立完成作业。
It can be very hard for people to accept change.人们很难接受变化。

Topics Difficulty and failurea1, Working lifea1

Collocations Dictionaryverbs

be
look
seem
…

adverb

extremely
fairly
very
…

full of difficulty and problems, especially because of a lack of money困苦的；艰苦的；艰难的 synonym tough

Times were hard at the end of the war.战争后期生活很艰苦。
She's had a hard life.她一生艰苦。

opposite easy

Life got very hard.生活变得非常艰难。
Conditions were extremely hard in the camps.营地的生活条件极其恶劣。

Topics Difficulty and failurea1

Collocations Dictionaryverbs

be
look
seem
…

adverb

extremely
fairly
very
…

needing/using effort费力；用力

needing or using a lot of physical strength or mental effort耗费体力（或脑力）的；辛苦的

It's hard work shovelling snow.铲雪是个苦活儿。
This is the hardest part of my job.这是我工作中最难的部分。
It was one of the hardest things I ever did.这是我做过的最难的事情之一。
I've had a long hard day.我度过了漫长辛苦的一天。
This season has been a hard slog.这个赛季是艰难的。
They had put in hours of hard graft.他们进行了数小时的艰苦嫁接。

Synonyms difficultdifficult

hard
challenging
demanding
taxing

These words all describe something that is not easy and requires a lot of effort or skill to do.

difficult
not easy; needing effort or skill to do or understand:
- The exam questions were quite difficult.考题相当难。
- It is difficult for young people to find jobs around here.年轻人要在附近找到工作很难。
hard
not easy; needing effort or skill to do or understand:
- I always found languages quite hard at school.在学校读书时我总觉得语言很难学。
- It was one of the hardest things I ever did.这是我做过的最难的事情之一。

difficult or hard?用 difficult 还是 hard？Hard is slightly less formal than difficult. It is used particularly in the structure hard to believe/say/find/take, etc., although difficult can also be used in any of these examples.

challenging (approving) difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability.
demanding
difficult to do or deal with and needing a lot of effort, skill, etc.:
- It is a technically demanding piece of music to play.演奏这一段音乐需要有很高的技艺。
taxing
(often used in negative statements) difficult to do and needing a lot of mental or physical effort:
- This shouldn’t be too taxing for you.这对你来说不至于太费劲。

Patterns

difficult/hard/challenging/demanding/taxing for somebody
difficult/hard to do something
physically difficult/hard/challenging/demanding/taxing
technically difficult/challenging/demanding
mentally/intellectually challenging/demanding/taxing

Topics Difficulty and failurea1

(of people

人

) putting a lot of effort or energy into an activity努力的；勤劳的

She's a very hard worker.她工作很卖力。
He's hard at work on a new novel.他正努力忙着写一本新小说。
When I left they were all still hard at it (= working hard).我离开的时候他们都还在努力工作。

done with a lot of strength or force用力的；猛烈的

He gave the door a good hard kick.他狠狠踢了一下门。
a hard punch砰的一拳

solid/stiff坚固；坚硬

solid or stiff and difficult to bend or break坚固的；坚硬的；结实的

Wait for the concrete to go hard.等待混凝土凝结。
a hard mattress硬床垫
Diamonds are the hardest known mineral.钻石是已知的最坚硬的矿石。

opposite soft

The chairs felt hard and uncomfortable.这些椅子又硬又不舒服。
The ground is still rock-hard.地面仍然极其坚硬。

Collocations Dictionaryverbs

be
feel
look
…

adverb

extremely
fairly
very
…

phrases

rock hard

without sympathy缺乏同情心

showing no kind feelings or sympathy冷酷无情的；硬心肠的；苛刻的

My father was a hard man.我父亲是个不讲情面的人。
She gave me a hard stare.她狠狠地看了我一眼。
His voice was hard.他的声音很生硬。
He said some very hard things to me.他对我说了些很不近人情的话。

not afraid不畏惧

(informal) (of people

人

) showing no signs of fear or weakness; ready to fight or compete准备战斗的；不软弱退缩的 synonym tough (4)

Come and get me if you think you're hard enough.你要是觉得自己有种，就冲着我来吧。
You think you're really hard, don't you?你是不是以为自己真的很勇猛？
He's as hard and uncompromising as any professional sportsman.他和任何职业运动员一样坚韧不拔。

facts/evidence事实；证据

[only before noun] definitely true and based on information that can be proved确凿的；可证实的；可靠的

Is there any hard evidence either way?不管正反，有什么确凿证据吗？
The newspaper story is based on hard facts.报纸的这篇报道有可靠的事实根据。

weather天气

very cold and severe寒冷的；凛冽的

It had been a hard winter.那年的冬天特别冷。
There was a hard frost that night.那天晚上寒冷多霜。

compare mildTopics Weatherc2

drink饮料

[only before noun] strongly alcoholic酒精浓度高的；烈性的

hard liquor烈酒
(informal) a drop of the hard stuff (= a strong alcoholic drink)少许烈酒

compare soft drink

water水

containing calcium and other mineral salts that make mixing with soap difficult硬的（含钙及镁等可溶性盐较多）

a hard water area硬水区
Our water is very hard.我们的水很硬。

opposite soft

consonants辅音

(phonetics语音学) used to describe a letter c or g when pronounced as in ‘cat’ or ‘go’, rather than as in ‘city’ or ‘giant’硬音的（如字母 c 或 g 在 cat 或 go 等词中的发音） opposite soft

词源Old English hard, heard, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hard and German hart.

Idioms

be hard on somebody/something

to treat or criticize somebody in a very severe or strict way严厉对待，严格批评（某人或某事）
- Don't be too hard on him—he's very young.别对他太苛刻了，他还很小呢。
to be difficult for or unfair to somebody/something使…为难；对…不公平
- It's hard on people who don't have a car.对于没有车的人来说，这不公平。
to be likely to hurt or damage something可能损伤，可能损坏（某物）
- Looking at a computer screen all day can be very hard on the eyes.成天盯着计算机屏幕可能会对眼睛造成严重损害。

(caught/stuck) between a rock and a hard place

in a situation where you have to choose between two things, both of which are unpleasant进退两难；左右为难

drive/strike a hard bargain

to argue in an aggressive way and force somebody to agree on the best possible price or arrangement狠狠地杀价Topics Discussion and agreementc2

give somebody a hard time

to deliberately make a situation difficult and unpleasant for somebody给某人找茬儿；使某人不好过
- They really gave me a hard time at the interview.面试时他们确实是在难为我。

hard and fast

(especially after a negative尤用于否定词后) that cannot be changed in any circumstances板上钉钉；不容更改
- There are no hard and fast rules about this.这事没有什么硬性的规定。
- This situation isn’t hard and fast.这种情况并不困难。

(as) hard as nails

showing no fear, sympathy or kind behaviour冷酷无情的；硬心肠的；苛刻的

hard cheese

(British English, informal) used as a way of saying that you are sorry about something, usually ironically (= you really mean the opposite)（常作反话）太不幸了，真够倒霉

hard going

difficult to understand or needing a lot of effort难懂；费力
- I'm finding his latest novel very hard going.我觉得他最近的这部小说很晦涩。

hard luck

(British English) used to tell somebody that you feel sorry for them（表示惋惜）真遗憾，太不幸了
- ‘Failed again, I'm afraid.’ ‘Oh, hard luck.’“恐怕我又失败了。” “哦，太不幸了。”

a hard/tough nut (to crack)

a difficult problem or situation to deal with棘手的问题；不好对付的情形

a hard/tough act to follow

a person or event that is so good or successful at something that it will be difficult for anyone/anything else coming after them to be as good or successful令人望尘莫及的人
- She has been an excellent principal and will be a hard act to follow.她是一位优秀的校长，令人无法与之媲美。
- Their contribution will prove a tough act to follow.他们的贡献令人难以企及。
Topics Successc2

the hard way

by having an unpleasant experience or by making mistakes通过痛苦的经历；通过出错
- She won't listen to my advice so she'll just have to learn the hard way.她不肯听我的忠告，所以只好吃了苦头才知道厉害。
- He learned about the dangers of drugs the hard way.他吃了一番苦头后才懂得了毒品的危险。

have a (hard/difficult) job doing/to do something

to have difficulty doing something干某事很困难（或很吃力、很费力）
- You'll have a job convincing them that you're right.要让他们信服你是对的还要费点劲。
- He had a hard job to make himself heard.他好不容易才使别人听见他的声音。
- He'll have a tough job getting the team into shape in time.他将面临一项艰巨的任务，即及时组建团队。
- It's very dark out there, you'll have a job to see anything.外面很黑，你有工作可以看任何东西。
Topics Difficulty and failurec2

make hard work of something

to use more time or energy on a task than is necessary在某事上耗费过多时间（或精力）；费冤枉力

no hard feelings

used after you have been arguing with somebody or have beaten them in a contest but you would still like to be friendly with them（向争论或打败的对方表达善意）别往心里去，别记恨
- It looks like I'm the winner again. No hard feelings, Dave, eh?看来我又赢了。你不会不高兴吧，戴夫？
- Someone has to lose. No hard feelings, eh?总有人会失败的。别难过，好吗？
Topics Opinion and argumentc2

play hard to get

(informal) to make yourself seem more attractive or interesting by not immediately accepting an invitation to do something故作姿态；故意摆谱；拿架子

take a long (cool/hard) look at something

to consider a problem or possibility very carefully and without hurrying极其慎重地考虑（问题或可能性）
- We need to take a long, hard look at all the options.我们需要十分谨慎地考虑所有的选择。

too much like hard work

needing too much effort太费力
- I can't be bothered making a hot meal—it's too much like hard work.我懒得做热饭热菜，太麻烦了。

hard

adverb

/hɑːd/

/hɑːrd/

(harder, hardest)

Idioms

with effort努力

with great effort; with difficulty努力地；费力地；艰难地

to work hard努力工作
You must try harder.你得更加努力。
She tried her hardest not to show how disappointed she was.她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。
He was still breathing hard after his run.他跑完步，现在还气喘吁吁的。
You shouldn't train too hard—be careful about injuries.你不应该训练得太辛苦——小心受伤。
He is fighting hard to keep his job.他正努力保住自己的工作。
She trained hard twice a day.她每天刻苦训练两次。
Our victory was hard won (= won with great difficulty).我们的胜利来之不易。

Which Word? hard / hardlyhard / hardly

The adverb from the adjective hard is hard:形容词 hard 的副词为 hard：
- I have to work hard today.今天我得努力工作。
- She has thought very hard about her future plans.她曾经苦苦思考将来该怎么办。
- It was raining hard outside.外面雨下得很大。
Hardly is an adverb meaning ‘almost not’:hardly 为副词，意为几乎不、几乎没有：
- I hardly ever go to concerts.我很少去听音乐会。
- I can hardly wait for my birthday.我迫切等待着我的生日。
It cannot be used instead of hard:
- I’ve been working hardly today.
- She has thought very hardly about her future plans.
- It was raining hardly outside.

note at hardly

He had studied hard to become an engineer.他努力学习成为一名工程师。
I trained as hard as I could.我全力苦练。
The industry has been lobbying hard for cuts in electricity pricing.该行业一直在努力游说削减电价。
They prayed hard for rain.他们努力祈祷下雨。

Topics Difficulty and failurea1

with force猛力

with great force猛力地；猛烈地

Don't hit it so hard!别这么用力打！
I pressed the accelerator hard and the car sped off.我用力踩下油门，汽车飞驰而去。
(figurative) Small businesses have been hit hard/hard hit by the recession.小企业受到了经济衰退的沉重打击。

carefully仔细

carefully and completely彻底认真地

to think hard认真思考
We thought long and hard before deciding to move house.我们经过长久慎重的考虑之后才决定搬家。
They need to look hard at the facts of this case.他们需要仔细研究这个案件的事实。

a lot大量

heavily; a lot or for a long time沉重地；大量地；长时间地

It was raining hard when we set off.我们出发时正下着大雨。

left/right左；右

at a sharp angle to the left/right向左（或右）急转弯

Turn hard right at the next junction.在下个路口处向右急转弯。

词源Old English hard, heard, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hard and German hart.

Idioms

be/feel hard done by

(informal) to be or feel unfairly treated受到不公平待遇；感到委屈
- She has every right to feel hard done by—her parents have given her nothing.她完全有理由觉得委屈，她父母什么都没给她。

be hard pressed/pushed to do something | be hard put (to it) to do something

to find it very difficult to do something很难做某事
- He was hard put to it to explain her disappearance.他很难对她的消失作出解释。

be hard up for something

to have too few or too little of something某物匮乏
- We're hard up for ideas.我们再想不出主意了。
see also hard up

hard on something

(literary) very soon after紧接着
- His death followed hard on hers.她死后不久，他也死了。

hard/hot on somebody’s/something’s heels

very close behind somebody/something; very soon after something紧跟；紧接在后
- He turned and fled with Peter hot on his heels.他转身逃跑，彼得穷追不舍。
- They reached the border with the police hot on their heels.他们到了边境，警察紧追其后。
- Further successes came hot on the heels of her first best-selling novel.她的第一部畅销小说之后是接二连三的成功。
- News of rising unemployment followed hard on the heels of falling export figures.出口数字下降之后紧接着就是失业率上升的消息。

old habits, traditions, etc. die hard

used to say that things change very slowly（旧习惯、传统等）难以改变，根深蒂固

take something hard

to be very upset by something为某事很苦恼（或难受）
- He took his wife's death very hard.他对妻子的死感到很难过。

词汇	hard
释义	hard adjective /hɑːd/ /hɑːrd/ (comparative harder, superlative hardest) Idioms difficult不易 difficult to do, understand or answer难做的；难懂的；难以回答的 a hard choice/decision/question 艰难的选择/决定/问题 hard to do something It is hard to believe that she's only nine.很难相信她只有九岁。 It's hard to see how they can lose.很难理解他们怎么会输。 It's hard to imagine a more cynical political strategy.很难想象还有比这更愤世嫉俗的政治策略。 ‘When will the job be finished?’ ‘It's hard to say (= it is difficult to be certain)’ .“这项工作什么时候能完成？” “难说。” It's getting harder and harder to earn enough to pay the rent.挣够房租越来越难了。 I find his attitude very hard to take (= difficult to accept).他的态度让我难以接受。 We're finding reliable staff hard to come by (= difficult to get).我们觉得难以找到可靠的职员。 Houses like this are extremely hard to find.像这样的房子极难找到。 You are hard to please, aren’t you?你很难取悦，不是吗？ I found it hard to believe what they told me.我发现很难相信他们告诉我的话。 hard for somebody It must be hard for her, bringing up four children on her own.她一个人抚养四个孩子一定很艰难。 hard for somebody to do something It's hard for old people to change their ways.老年人难以改变他们的习惯。 opposite easy I found the exam quite hard.我觉得这次考试非常难。 I always found languages quite hard at school.在学校读书时我总觉得语言很难学。 Some viruses can be harder to identify.有些病毒可能更难识别。 The reason for their absence wasn't hard to find.他们缺席的原因不难找到。 They were given a list of hard spellings to learn.给了他们一份要学习的拼写难题清单。 If you tell the children the answers, it only makes it harder for them to do the work on their own.你要是把答案告诉孩子们，只会让他们更难独立完成作业。 It can be very hard for people to accept change.人们很难接受变化。 Topics Difficulty and failurea1, Working lifea1 Collocations Dictionaryverbs be look seem … adverb extremely fairly very … full of difficulty and problems, especially because of a lack of money困苦的；艰苦的；艰难的 synonym tough Times were hard at the end of the war.战争后期生活很艰苦。 She's had a hard life.她一生艰苦。 opposite easy Life got very hard.生活变得非常艰难。 Conditions were extremely hard in the camps.营地的生活条件极其恶劣。 Topics Difficulty and failurea1 Collocations Dictionaryverbs be look seem … adverb extremely fairly very … needing/using effort费力；用力 needing or using a lot of physical strength or mental effort耗费体力（或脑力）的；辛苦的 It's hard work shovelling snow.铲雪是个苦活儿。 This is the hardest part of my job.这是我工作中最难的部分。 It was one of the hardest things I ever did.这是我做过的最难的事情之一。 I've had a long hard day.我度过了漫长辛苦的一天。 This season has been a hard slog.这个赛季是艰难的。 They had put in hours of hard graft.他们进行了数小时的艰苦嫁接。 Synonyms difficultdifficult hard challenging demanding taxing These words all describe something that is not easy and requires a lot of effort or skill to do. difficult not easy; needing effort or skill to do or understand: The exam questions were quite difficult.考题相当难。 It is difficult for young people to find jobs around here.年轻人要在附近找到工作很难。 hard not easy; needing effort or skill to do or understand: I always found languages quite hard at school.在学校读书时我总觉得语言很难学。 It was one of the hardest things I ever did.这是我做过的最难的事情之一。 difficult or hard?用 difficult 还是 hard？Hard is slightly less formal than difficult. It is used particularly in the structure hard to believe/say/find/take, etc., although difficult can also be used in any of these examples. challenging (approving) difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability. demanding difficult to do or deal with and needing a lot of effort, skill, etc.: It is a technically demanding piece of music to play.演奏这一段音乐需要有很高的技艺。 taxing (often used in negative statements) difficult to do and needing a lot of mental or physical effort: This shouldn’t be too taxing for you.这对你来说不至于太费劲。 Patterns difficult/hard/challenging/demanding/taxing for somebody difficult/hard to do something physically difficult/hard/challenging/demanding/taxing technically difficult/challenging/demanding mentally/intellectually challenging/demanding/taxing Topics Difficulty and failurea1 (of people人) putting a lot of effort or energy into an activity努力的；勤劳的 She's a very hard worker.她工作很卖力。 He's hard at work on a new novel.他正努力忙着写一本新小说。 When I left they were all still hard at it (= working hard).我离开的时候他们都还在努力工作。 done with a lot of strength or force用力的；猛烈的 He gave the door a good hard kick.他狠狠踢了一下门。 a hard punch砰的一拳 solid/stiff坚固；坚硬 solid or stiff and difficult to bend or break坚固的；坚硬的；结实的 Wait for the concrete to go hard.等待混凝土凝结。 a hard mattress硬床垫 Diamonds are the hardest known mineral.钻石是已知的最坚硬的矿石。 opposite soft The chairs felt hard and uncomfortable.这些椅子又硬又不舒服。 The ground is still rock-hard.地面仍然极其坚硬。 Collocations Dictionaryverbs be feel look … adverb extremely fairly very … phrases rock hard without sympathy缺乏同情心 showing no kind feelings or sympathy冷酷无情的；硬心肠的；苛刻的 My father was a hard man.我父亲是个不讲情面的人。 She gave me a hard stare.她狠狠地看了我一眼。 His voice was hard.他的声音很生硬。 He said some very hard things to me.他对我说了些很不近人情的话。 not afraid不畏惧 (informal) (of people人) showing no signs of fear or weakness; ready to fight or compete准备战斗的；不软弱退缩的 synonym tough (4) Come and get me if you think you're hard enough.你要是觉得自己有种，就冲着我来吧。 You think you're really hard, don't you?你是不是以为自己真的很勇猛？ He's as hard and uncompromising as any professional sportsman.他和任何职业运动员一样坚韧不拔。 facts/evidence事实；证据 [only before noun] definitely true and based on information that can be proved确凿的；可证实的；可靠的 Is there any hard evidence either way?不管正反，有什么确凿证据吗？ The newspaper story is based on hard facts.报纸的这篇报道有可靠的事实根据。 weather天气 very cold and severe寒冷的；凛冽的 It had been a hard winter.那年的冬天特别冷。 There was a hard frost that night.那天晚上寒冷多霜。 compare mildTopics Weatherc2 drink饮料 [only before noun] strongly alcoholic酒精浓度高的；烈性的 hard liquor烈酒 (informal) a drop of the hard stuff (= a strong alcoholic drink)少许烈酒 compare soft drink water水 containing calcium and other mineral salts that make mixing with soap difficult硬的（含钙及镁等可溶性盐较多） a hard water area硬水区 Our water is very hard.我们的水很硬。 opposite soft consonants辅音 (phonetics语音学) used to describe a letter c or g when pronounced as in ‘cat’ or ‘go’, rather than as in ‘city’ or ‘giant’硬音的（如字母 c 或 g 在 cat 或 go 等词中的发音） opposite soft 词源Old English hard, heard, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hard and German hart. Idioms be hard on somebody/something to treat or criticize somebody in a very severe or strict way严厉对待，严格批评（某人或某事） Don't be too hard on him—he's very young.别对他太苛刻了，他还很小呢。 to be difficult for or unfair to somebody/something使…为难；对…不公平 It's hard on people who don't have a car.对于没有车的人来说，这不公平。 to be likely to hurt or damage something可能损伤，可能损坏（某物） Looking at a computer screen all day can be very hard on the eyes.成天盯着计算机屏幕可能会对眼睛造成严重损害。 (caught/stuck) between a rock and a hard place in a situation where you have to choose between two things, both of which are unpleasant进退两难；左右为难 drive/strike a hard bargain to argue in an aggressive way and force somebody to agree on the best possible price or arrangement狠狠地杀价Topics Discussion and agreementc2 give somebody a hard time to deliberately make a situation difficult and unpleasant for somebody给某人找茬儿；使某人不好过 They really gave me a hard time at the interview.面试时他们确实是在难为我。 hard and fast (especially after a negative尤用于否定词后) that cannot be changed in any circumstances板上钉钉；不容更改 There are no hard and fast rules about this.这事没有什么硬性的规定。 This situation isn’t hard and fast.这种情况并不困难。 (as) hard as nails showing no fear, sympathy or kind behaviour冷酷无情的；硬心肠的；苛刻的 hard cheese (British English, informal) used as a way of saying that you are sorry about something, usually ironically (= you really mean the opposite)（常作反话）太不幸了，真够倒霉 hard going difficult to understand or needing a lot of effort难懂；费力 I'm finding his latest novel very hard going.我觉得他最近的这部小说很晦涩。 hard luck (British English) used to tell somebody that you feel sorry for them（表示惋惜）真遗憾，太不幸了 ‘Failed again, I'm afraid.’ ‘Oh, hard luck.’“恐怕我又失败了。” “哦，太不幸了。” a hard/tough nut (to crack) a difficult problem or situation to deal with棘手的问题；不好对付的情形 a hard/tough act to follow a person or event that is so good or successful at something that it will be difficult for anyone/anything else coming after them to be as good or successful令人望尘莫及的人 She has been an excellent principal and will be a hard act to follow.她是一位优秀的校长，令人无法与之媲美。 Their contribution will prove a tough act to follow.他们的贡献令人难以企及。 Topics Successc2 the hard way by having an unpleasant experience or by making mistakes通过痛苦的经历；通过出错 She won't listen to my advice so she'll just have to learn the hard way.她不肯听我的忠告，所以只好吃了苦头才知道厉害。 He learned about the dangers of drugs the hard way.他吃了一番苦头后才懂得了毒品的危险。 have a (hard/difficult) job doing/to do something to have difficulty doing something干某事很困难（或很吃力、很费力） You'll have a job convincing them that you're right.要让他们信服你是对的还要费点劲。 He had a hard job to make himself heard.他好不容易才使别人听见他的声音。 He'll have a tough job getting the team into shape in time.他将面临一项艰巨的任务，即及时组建团队。 It's very dark out there, you'll have a job to see anything.外面很黑，你有工作可以看任何东西。 Topics Difficulty and failurec2 make hard work of something to use more time or energy on a task than is necessary在某事上耗费过多时间（或精力）；费冤枉力 no hard feelings used after you have been arguing with somebody or have beaten them in a contest but you would still like to be friendly with them（向争论或打败的对方表达善意）别往心里去，别记恨 It looks like I'm the winner again. No hard feelings, Dave, eh?看来我又赢了。你不会不高兴吧，戴夫？ Someone has to lose. No hard feelings, eh?总有人会失败的。别难过，好吗？ Topics Opinion and argumentc2 play hard to get (informal) to make yourself seem more attractive or interesting by not immediately accepting an invitation to do something故作姿态；故意摆谱；拿架子 take a long (cool/hard) look at something to consider a problem or possibility very carefully and without hurrying极其慎重地考虑（问题或可能性） We need to take a long, hard look at all the options.我们需要十分谨慎地考虑所有的选择。 too much like hard work needing too much effort太费力 I can't be bothered making a hot meal—it's too much like hard work.我懒得做热饭热菜，太麻烦了。 hard adverb /hɑːd/ /hɑːrd/ (harder, hardest) Idioms with effort努力 with great effort; with difficulty努力地；费力地；艰难地 to work hard努力工作 You must try harder.你得更加努力。 She tried her hardest not to show how disappointed she was.她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。 He was still breathing hard after his run.他跑完步，现在还气喘吁吁的。 You shouldn't train too hard—be careful about injuries.你不应该训练得太辛苦——小心受伤。 He is fighting hard to keep his job.他正努力保住自己的工作。 She trained hard twice a day.她每天刻苦训练两次。 Our victory was hard won (= won with great difficulty).我们的胜利来之不易。 Which Word? hard / hardlyhard / hardly The adverb from the adjective hard is hard:形容词 hard 的副词为 hard： I have to work hard today.今天我得努力工作。 She has thought very hard about her future plans.她曾经苦苦思考将来该怎么办。 It was raining hard outside.外面雨下得很大。 Hardly is an adverb meaning ‘almost not’:hardly 为副词，意为几乎不、几乎没有： I hardly ever go to concerts.我很少去听音乐会。 I can hardly wait for my birthday.我迫切等待着我的生日。 It cannot be used instead of hard: I’ve been working hardly today. She has thought very hardly about her future plans. It was raining hardly outside. note at hardly He had studied hard to become an engineer.他努力学习成为一名工程师。 I trained as hard as I could.我全力苦练。 The industry has been lobbying hard for cuts in electricity pricing.该行业一直在努力游说削减电价。 They prayed hard for rain.他们努力祈祷下雨。 Topics Difficulty and failurea1 with force猛力 with great force猛力地；猛烈地 Don't hit it so hard!别这么用力打！ I pressed the accelerator hard and the car sped off.我用力踩下油门，汽车飞驰而去。 (figurative) Small businesses have been hit hard/hard hit by the recession.小企业受到了经济衰退的沉重打击。 carefully仔细 carefully and completely彻底认真地 to think hard认真思考 We thought long and hard before deciding to move house.我们经过长久慎重的考虑之后才决定搬家。 They need to look hard at the facts of this case.他们需要仔细研究这个案件的事实。 a lot大量 heavily; a lot or for a long time沉重地；大量地；长时间地 It was raining hard when we set off.我们出发时正下着大雨。 left/right左；右 at a sharp angle to the left/right向左（或右）急转弯 Turn hard right at the next junction.在下个路口处向右急转弯。词源Old English hard, heard, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hard and German hart. Idioms be/feel hard done by (informal) to be or feel unfairly treated受到不公平待遇；感到委屈 She has every right to feel hard done by—her parents have given her nothing.她完全有理由觉得委屈，她父母什么都没给她。 be hard pressed/pushed to do something \| be hard put (to it) to do something to find it very difficult to do something很难做某事 He was hard put to it to explain her disappearance.他很难对她的消失作出解释。 be hard up for something to have too few or too little of something某物匮乏 We're hard up for ideas.我们再想不出主意了。 see also hard up hard on something (literary) very soon after紧接着 His death followed hard on hers.她死后不久，他也死了。 hard/hot on somebody’s/something’s heels very close behind somebody/something; very soon after something紧跟；紧接在后 He turned and fled with Peter hot on his heels.他转身逃跑，彼得穷追不舍。 They reached the border with the police hot on their heels.他们到了边境，警察紧追其后。 Further successes came hot on the heels of her first best-selling novel.她的第一部畅销小说之后是接二连三的成功。 News of rising unemployment followed hard on the heels of falling export figures.出口数字下降之后紧接着就是失业率上升的消息。 old habits, traditions, etc. die hard used to say that things change very slowly（旧习惯、传统等）难以改变，根深蒂固 take something hard to be very upset by something为某事很苦恼（或难受） He took his wife's death very hard.他对妻子的死感到很难过。
随便看	fright wigs fright-wigs' frighty frigid Frigidaire™ frigidities frigidity frigidly frigidness frigidnesses frigid zone frigid zones frigid-zones' frigs frill frilled friller frillers frillery frillier frillier frillies frilliest frilliest frilliness