if

conjunction

/ɪf/

Idioms

used to say that one thing can, will or might happen or be true, depending on another thing happening or being true如果；假若；倘若
- If you see him, give him this note.你要是见到他，就把这个便条给他。
- I'll only stay if you offer me more money.你给我更多的钱我才会留下。
- If necessary I can come at once.如果有必要，我可以马上来。
- You can stay for the weekend if you like.你如果愿意就留在这里过周末吧。
- If anyone calls, tell them I'm not at home.要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。
- If he improved his IT skills, he'd (= he would) easily get a job.他如果提高了自己的信息技术技能，就会容易找到工作。
- You would know what was going on if you'd (= you had) listened.你若是注意听了就会知道发生什么事了。
- They would have been here by now if they'd caught the early train.假若他们赶上了早班火车，现在就该到这里了。
- If I was in charge, I'd do things differently.假若由我负责，我不会这样办事的。
- (rather formal) If I were in charge…假若由我负责…
when; whenever; every time当；无论何时；每次
- If metal gets hot it expands.金属受热就膨胀。
- She glares at me if I go near her desk.我一走近她的办公桌，她就对我瞪眼。
used after ask, know, find out, wonder, etc. to introduce one of two or more possibilities（用于 ask、know、find out、wonder 等之后，引出两个或以上的可能性之一）是否 synonym whether
- Do you know if he's married?你知道他是否结婚了？
- I wonder if I should wear a coat or not.我不知道该不该穿外套。
- He couldn't tell if she was laughing or crying.他弄不清楚她是在笑还是在哭。
- Listen to the tune and see if you can remember the words.听听曲调，看你能否记起歌词。
Grammar Point if / whether
if / whether
- Both if and whether are used in reporting questions which expect ‘yes’ or ‘no’ as the answer:if 和 whether 均用于要求以 yes 或 no 作答的转述疑问句中：
  She asked if/whether I wanted a drink.,她问我要不要喝点什么。
  although whether sounds more natural with particular verbs such as discuss, consider and decide. When a choice is offered between alternatives, if or whether can be used:不过 whether 与 discuss、consider 和 decide 等动词连用听起来更自然。提供选择时用 if 或 whether 均可：
  We didn’t know if/whether we should write or phone.我们不知道是写信好还是打电话好。
  In this last type of sentence, whether is usually considered more formal and more suitable for written English.在最后这一句型中，一般认为 whether 较正式，更适用于书面语。
used after verbs or adjectives expressing feelings（用于表示情感的动词或形容词之后）
- I am sorry if I disturbed you.很抱歉，打搅您了。
- I'd be grateful if you would keep it a secret.你如果能对此保密，我将不胜感激。
- Do you mind if I turn the TV off?我关上电视可以吗？
used to admit that something is possible, but to say that it is not very important（承认某事可能，但不很重要）即使，虽然
- If she has any weakness, it is her Italian.如果要说她有什么缺点，那就是她的意大利语不大行。
- So what if he was late. Who cares?他就是迟到了又怎么样。谁在乎？
used to ask somebody to listen to your opinion（请对方听自己的意见）
- If you ask me, she's too scared to do it.依我看，她被吓得不敢做了。
- If you think about it, those children must be at school by now.想想吧，那些孩子现在一定在学校了。
- If you remember, Mary was always fond of animals.记得吧，玛丽总是喜欢动物。
Topics Opinion and argumentb1
used before an adjective to introduce a contrast（置于形容词之前，引出对比）虽然，尽管
- He's a good driver, if a little over-confident.他是个好司机，虽然有点过于自信。
- We'll only do it once—if at all.我们就是干也只会干一次。
(formal) used with will or would to ask somebody politely to do something（与 will 或 would 连用，表示客气地请求）
- If you will sit down for a few moments, I'll tell the manager you're here.请稍坐，我这就告诉经理说您来了。
- If you would care to leave your name, we'll contact you as soon as possible.麻烦您留下姓名，我们会尽快与您联系的。
used before could, may or might to suggest something or to interrupt somebody politely（置于 could、may 或 might 之前，提出建议或客气地打断别人的话）
- If I may make a suggestion, perhaps we could begin a little earlier next week.我来提个建议吧，或许我们下个星期可以早一点开始。

词源Old English gif, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch of and German ob.

Idioms

even if

despite the possibility that; no matter whether如果：尽管有这种可能性；不管是否
- I'll get there, even if I have to walk.我就是走也要走到那儿去。
despite the fact that; even though如果：尽管事实；即使
- He is a great leader, even if he has many enemies.他是一个伟大的领袖，即使他有很多敌人。

if and when

used to say something about an event that may or may not happen（谈及可能发生或不发生的事时说）
- If and when we ever meet again I hope he remembers what I did for him.倘若我们再次见面，我希望他还记得我为他做的事。

if anything

used to express an opinion about something, or after a negative statement to suggest that the opposite is true（表达看法，或用在否定句之后表示反面意见才对）
- I'd say he was more like his father, if anything.依我看，如果一定要说他像谁的话，他比较像他的父亲。
- She's not thin—if anything she's on the plump side.她并不瘦，其实她还有点胖呢。
Topics Opinion and argumentc1

if I were you

used to give somebody advice（提出劝告时说）
- If I were you I'd start looking for another job.我要是你，就会去另找工作了。
Topics Suggestions and adviceb1

if not

used to introduce a different suggestion, after a sentence with if（用在 if 引导的句子之后）不然，要不
- I'll go if you're going. If not (= if you are not), I'd rather stay at home.你去我就去。不然的话，我宁愿待在家里。
used after a yes/no question to say what will or should happen if the answer is ‘no’（用于 yes／no 疑问句之后，表示如果答案是 no，将会或应该发生什么）
- Are you ready? If not, I'm going without you.你准备好了吗？否则我就自己去了。
- Do you want that cake? If not, I'll have it.你要那块蛋糕吗？不然我就要了。
used to suggest that something may be even larger, more important, etc. than was first stated（表示可能更大或更重要等）
- They cost thousands if not millions of pounds to build.建设要耗费数千英镑，甚至可能是数百万英镑。

if only

used to say that you wish something was true or that something had happened但愿
- If only I were rich.但愿我很富有。
- If only I knew her name.我要是知道她的名字就好了。
- If only he'd remembered to send that letter.要是他没忘记发那封信就好了。
- If only I had gone by taxi.我要是乘出租车去就好了。

if so

if that is the case但愿
- Do you do research in your studies? If so, what research methods do you use?你在学习中做研究吗？如果有，你用什么研究方法？

it’s not as if

used to say that something that is happening is surprising（表示所发生的事情令人惊讶）
- I'm surprised they've invited me to their wedding—it's not as if I know them well.我很惊讶他们居然请我参加他们的婚礼，我跟他们似乎并不熟。

only if

(rather formal) used to state the only situation in which something can happen只有
- Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room.学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。
- Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.只有红灯闪亮时才有危及职工的险情。

词汇	if
释义	if conjunction /ɪf/ /ɪf/ Idioms used to say that one thing can, will or might happen or be true, depending on another thing happening or being true如果；假若；倘若 If you see him, give him this note.你要是见到他，就把这个便条给他。 I'll only stay if you offer me more money.你给我更多的钱我才会留下。 If necessary I can come at once.如果有必要，我可以马上来。 You can stay for the weekend if you like.你如果愿意就留在这里过周末吧。 If anyone calls, tell them I'm not at home.要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。 If he improved his IT skills, he'd (= he would) easily get a job.他如果提高了自己的信息技术技能，就会容易找到工作。 You would know what was going on if you'd (= you had) listened.你若是注意听了就会知道发生什么事了。 They would have been here by now if they'd caught the early train.假若他们赶上了早班火车，现在就该到这里了。 If I was in charge, I'd do things differently.假若由我负责，我不会这样办事的。 (rather formal) If I were in charge…假若由我负责… when; whenever; every time当；无论何时；每次 If metal gets hot it expands.金属受热就膨胀。 She glares at me if I go near her desk.我一走近她的办公桌，她就对我瞪眼。 used after ask, know, find out, wonder, etc. to introduce one of two or more possibilities（用于 ask、know、find out、wonder 等之后，引出两个或以上的可能性之一）是否 synonym whether Do you know if he's married?你知道他是否结婚了？ I wonder if I should wear a coat or not.我不知道该不该穿外套。 He couldn't tell if she was laughing or crying.他弄不清楚她是在笑还是在哭。 Listen to the tune and see if you can remember the words.听听曲调，看你能否记起歌词。 Grammar Point if / whetherif / whether Both if and whether are used in reporting questions which expect ‘yes’ or ‘no’ as the answer:if 和 whether 均用于要求以 yes 或 no 作答的转述疑问句中： She asked if/whether I wanted a drink.,她问我要不要喝点什么。 although whether sounds more natural with particular verbs such as discuss, consider and decide. When a choice is offered between alternatives, if or whether can be used:不过 whether 与 discuss、consider 和 decide 等动词连用听起来更自然。提供选择时用 if 或 whether 均可： We didn’t know if/whether we should write or phone.我们不知道是写信好还是打电话好。 In this last type of sentence, whether is usually considered more formal and more suitable for written English.在最后这一句型中，一般认为 whether 较正式，更适用于书面语。 used after verbs or adjectives expressing feelings（用于表示情感的动词或形容词之后） I am sorry if I disturbed you.很抱歉，打搅您了。 I'd be grateful if you would keep it a secret.你如果能对此保密，我将不胜感激。 Do you mind if I turn the TV off?我关上电视可以吗？ used to admit that something is possible, but to say that it is not very important（承认某事可能，但不很重要）即使，虽然 If she has any weakness, it is her Italian.如果要说她有什么缺点，那就是她的意大利语不大行。 So what if he was late. Who cares?他就是迟到了又怎么样。谁在乎？ used to ask somebody to listen to your opinion（请对方听自己的意见） If you ask me, she's too scared to do it.依我看，她被吓得不敢做了。 If you think about it, those children must be at school by now.想想吧，那些孩子现在一定在学校了。 If you remember, Mary was always fond of animals.记得吧，玛丽总是喜欢动物。 Topics Opinion and argumentb1 used before an adjective to introduce a contrast（置于形容词之前，引出对比）虽然，尽管 He's a good driver, if a little over-confident.他是个好司机，虽然有点过于自信。 We'll only do it once—if at all.我们就是干也只会干一次。 (formal) used with will or would to ask somebody politely to do something（与 will 或 would 连用，表示客气地请求） If you will sit down for a few moments, I'll tell the manager you're here.请稍坐，我这就告诉经理说您来了。 If you would care to leave your name, we'll contact you as soon as possible.麻烦您留下姓名，我们会尽快与您联系的。 used before could, may or might to suggest something or to interrupt somebody politely（置于 could、may 或 might 之前，提出建议或客气地打断别人的话） If I may make a suggestion, perhaps we could begin a little earlier next week.我来提个建议吧，或许我们下个星期可以早一点开始。词源Old English gif, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch of and German ob. Idioms even if despite the possibility that; no matter whether如果：尽管有这种可能性；不管是否 I'll get there, even if I have to walk.我就是走也要走到那儿去。 despite the fact that; even though如果：尽管事实；即使 He is a great leader, even if he has many enemies.他是一个伟大的领袖，即使他有很多敌人。 if and when used to say something about an event that may or may not happen（谈及可能发生或不发生的事时说） If and when we ever meet again I hope he remembers what I did for him.倘若我们再次见面，我希望他还记得我为他做的事。 if anything used to express an opinion about something, or after a negative statement to suggest that the opposite is true（表达看法，或用在否定句之后表示反面意见才对） I'd say he was more like his father, if anything.依我看，如果一定要说他像谁的话，他比较像他的父亲。 She's not thin—if anything she's on the plump side.她并不瘦，其实她还有点胖呢。 Topics Opinion and argumentc1 if I were you used to give somebody advice（提出劝告时说） If I were you I'd start looking for another job.我要是你，就会去另找工作了。 Topics Suggestions and adviceb1 if not used to introduce a different suggestion, after a sentence with if（用在 if 引导的句子之后）不然，要不 I'll go if you're going. If not (= if you are not), I'd rather stay at home.你去我就去。不然的话，我宁愿待在家里。 used after a yes/no question to say what will or should happen if the answer is ‘no’（用于 yes／no 疑问句之后，表示如果答案是 no，将会或应该发生什么） Are you ready? If not, I'm going without you.你准备好了吗？否则我就自己去了。 Do you want that cake? If not, I'll have it.你要那块蛋糕吗？不然我就要了。 used to suggest that something may be even larger, more important, etc. than was first stated（表示可能更大或更重要等） They cost thousands if not millions of pounds to build.建设要耗费数千英镑，甚至可能是数百万英镑。 if only used to say that you wish something was true or that something had happened但愿 If only I were rich.但愿我很富有。 If only I knew her name.我要是知道她的名字就好了。 If only he'd remembered to send that letter.要是他没忘记发那封信就好了。 If only I had gone by taxi.我要是乘出租车去就好了。 if so if that is the case但愿 Do you do research in your studies? If so, what research methods do you use?你在学习中做研究吗？如果有，你用什么研究方法？ it’s not as if used to say that something that is happening is surprising（表示所发生的事情令人惊讶） I'm surprised they've invited me to their wedding—it's not as if I know them well.我很惊讶他们居然请我参加他们的婚礼，我跟他们似乎并不熟。 only if (rather formal) used to state the only situation in which something can happen只有 Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room.学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。 Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.只有红灯闪亮时才有危及职工的险情。 if noun /ɪf/ /ɪf/ (informal) a situation that is not certain不确定的情况 If he wins—and it's a big if—he'll be the first Englishman to win for fifty years.假设他赢了，不过这还是个很大的疑问，他将成为五十年以来第一个获胜的英格兰人。 There are still a lot of ifs and buts before everything's settled.在一切得以解决之前还有很多不确定因素。 Topics Doubt, guessing and certaintyc2 词源Old English gif, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch of and German ob. If /ɪf/ /ɪf/ a poem published in 1910 by Rudyard Kipling. It consists of a single long sentence beginning with the word ‘if’, giving advice to a boy on how to become a man. It is in the Victorian tradition and now seems rather old-fashioned, but the poem remains extremely popular and is often voted the favourite poem of British readers.如果：鲁德亚德·基普林于1910年出版的一首诗。它由一个长句组成，开头是"如果"一词，给男孩如何成为男人的建议。它是维多利亚时代的传统，现在似乎相当过时，但这首诗仍然非常受欢迎，经常被评为英国读者最喜欢的诗。
随便看	contrastive contrastively contrastiveness contrastives contrasts contravene contravened contravener contraveners contravenes contravening contravention contraventions contraventions contretemps contributable contributary contribute contributed contributer contributers contributes contributing contribution contributional

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if

If