词汇

long

释义

long

adjective

/lɒŋ/

/lɔːŋ/

(comparative longer

/ˈlɒŋɡə(r)/

/ˈlɔːŋɡər/

, superlative longest

/ˈlɒŋɡɪst/

/ˈlɔːŋɡɪst/

)

Word Family

long adjective adverb
length noun
lengthy adjective
lengthen verb

Idioms

distance距离

enlarge image

measuring or covering a great length or distance, or a greater length or distance than usual（长度或距离）长的

She had long dark hair.她留着黑黑的长发。
He walked down the long corridor.他沿长廊走去。
It was the world's longest bridge.那座桥当时是世界上最长的。
a long journey/walk/drive/flight长途旅行／步行／驾驶／飞行
We're a long way from anywhere here.我们这里离任何一个地方都很远。
It's a long way away.那儿离这里很远。
He had long, thin fingers.他有细长的手指。
a lush meadow of long grass 一片长满青草的茂盛草地

opposite short

Economy class can be uncomfortable for those with extra-long legs.经济舱对那些腿特别长的乘客来说可能会不舒服。
His drive to work is fairly long.他驱车上班的路程比较长。
That dress looks a bit long to me.我穿那条裙子看起来有点长。
After the hurricane, many are forced to wait in very long lines to get food or gas. 飓风过后，许多人被迫排很长的队来获取食物或汽油。

Topics Appearancea1

Collocations Dictionaryverbs

be
look
seem
…

adverb

extremely
fairly
very
…

used for asking or talking about particular lengths or distances（询问或谈论长度或距离）长

How long is the River Nile?尼罗河有多长？
The table is six feet long.那张桌子长六英尺。
The report is only three pages long.这份报告仅有三页。

time时间

lasting or taking a great amount of time or more time than usual长时间的；长久的；长期的

He’s been ill (for) a long time.他生病很久了。
There was a long silence before she spoke.沉默了很长时间她才开口。
I like it now the days are getting longer (= it stays light for more time each day).白天越来越长了，我很喜欢。
a long book/film/list (= taking a lot of time to read/watch/deal with)篇幅长的书；放映时间长的电影；一份很长的清单
Nurses have to work long hours (= for more hours in the day than is usual).护士都不得不长时间地工作。
(North American English) He stared at them for the longest time (= for a very long time) before answering.他盯着他们看了好长时间才回答。
Chicago has a long history of country music. 芝加哥有悠久的乡村音乐历史。
to have a long life/career长寿/事业有成

Which Word? (for) long / (for) a long time(for) long / (for) a long time

Both (for) long and (for) a long time are used as expressions of time. In positive sentences (for) a long time is used:* (for) long 和 (for) a long time 均用以表示时间。肯定句用 (for) a long time：
- We’ve been friends a long time.我们是老朋友了。
(For) long is not used in positive sentences unless it is used with too, enough, as, so, seldom, etc:* (for) long 只有与 too、enough、as、so、seldom 等词连用时才用于肯定句中：
- I stayed out in the sun for too long.我在太阳底下待的时间太长了。
- You’ve been waiting long enough.你等得够久的了。
Both (for) long and (for) a long time can be used in questions, but (for) long is usually preferred:* (for) long 和 (for) a long time 均可用于疑问句，但 (for) long 较常用：
- Have you been waiting long?你等了很长时间吗？
In negative sentences (for) a long time sometimes has a different meaning from (for) long. Compare:
- I haven’t been here for a long time (= It is a long time since the last time I was here) and I haven’t been here long (= I arrived here only a short time ago)‘我已很久没到这里来了（即离上次我来此已很长时间了）’和‘我到这里没多久（即我刚到不久）’.
.

opposite short

an unusually long pause非常长的停顿
He let out a long, slow breath.他长长地、缓慢地呼出一口气。
It took me a long time to accept the situation.我花了很长时间才接受这种情况。
Winters are long and severe in the far north. 在遥远的北方，冬天漫长而严寒。

Collocations Dictionaryverbs

be
look
seem
…

adverb

extremely
fairly
very
…

used for asking or talking about particular periods of time（询问或谈论某段时间）

How long is the course?这门课程要念多久？
I think it's only three weeks long.我想只有三个星期长。
How long a stay did you have in mind?你原打算待多长时间？

clothes衣物

covering all or most of your legs or arms长的（完全或大部分覆盖腿或臂的）

She usually wears long skirts.她通常穿长裙。
a long-sleeved shirt长袖衬衫

opposite short

having a lot of something

long on something (informal) having a lot of a particular quality擅长；颇具（某种特性）

The government is long on ideas but short on performance.这个政府想法很多但成效太少。

vowel sounds元音

(phonetics语音学) a long vowel is pronounced for a longer time than other vowels长音的

Compare the long vowel in ‘beat’ and the short vowel in ‘bit’.比较“beat”中的长元音和“bit”中的短元音。

opposite short

词源adjective Old English lang, long (adjective), lange, longe (adverb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch and German lang.

Idioms

as long as your arm

(informal) very long很长
- There's a list of repairs as long as your arm.有一份长得要命的修理单。

at the longest

not longer than the particular time given最长，至多（不超过某特定时间）
- It will take an hour at the longest.这事最多花一小时。

at long last

after a long time最后；终于 synonym finally
- At long last his prayers had been answered.他的祷告终于应验了。

by a long way

by a great amount大量地；大大地
- He was the best by a long way.他是最棒的。

go back a long way

(of two or more people两个或两个以上的人) to have known each other for a long time相识很久
- We go back a long way, he and I.我跟他，我们俩相识很久了。

go a long way

(of money, food, etc.钱、食物等) to last a long time经用；够维持很长时间
- She seems to make her money go a long way.看起来她用钱细水长流。
- A small amount of this paint goes a long way (= covers a large area).这种涂料用一点就可涂一大片。
- (ironic) I find that a little of Jerry's company can go a long way (= I quickly get tired of being with him).我发觉跟杰里待上一会儿就受不了啦。

go a long/some way towards doing something

to help very much/a little in achieving something（对做某事）帮助很大／不大，作用很大／不大
- The new law goes a long way towards solving the problem.新的法律十分有助于解决这一问题。

have come a long way

to have made a lot of progress取得大的进步；大有长进
- We've come a long way since the early days of the project.这项目开始以来我们已取得很大进展。
- The study of genes has come a long way in recent years.最近几年的基因研究取得了很大进展。

have a long way to go

to need to make a lot of progress before you can achieve something还有很长的路要走；还有很大差距
- She still has a long way to go before she's fully fit.她还需要很长时间才能完全恢复健康。
Topics Successc1

how long is a piece of string?

(British English, informal) used to say that there is no definite answer to a question一条线有多长（意指没有确切的答案）
- ‘How long will it take?’ ‘How long's a piece of string?’“需要多长时间？” “没准儿。”

in the long run

relating to a longer period in the future从长远来看
- This measure inevitably means higher taxes in the long run.从长远来看这项措施的结果免不了要多纳税。

in the long/short/medium term

used to describe what will happen a long, short, etc. time in the future长／短／中期内
- Such a development seems unlikely, at least in the short term (= it will not happen for quite a long time).发生这样的情况看来可能性不大，起码短期之内应当如此。
- In the longer term, children of depressed mothers are more likely to suffer from childhood depression.从长远来看，抑郁母亲的孩子更容易患儿童抑郁症。
- In the long term, our efforts will pay off.从长远来看，我们的努力会得到回报。

it’s as broad as it’s long

(British English, informal) it makes no real difference which of two possible choices you make两种选择都一样Topics Preferences and decisionsc2

It’s a long story.

(informal) used to say that the reasons for something are complicated and you would prefer not to give all the details一言难尽；说来话长

kick something into the long grass/into touch

(British English) to reject something or treat it as not important; to stop dealing with a problem搁置；置之不理
- He tends to deal with disputes by kicking them into the long grass.他处理争议的方法往往是置之不理。

the long and (the) short of it

used when you are telling somebody the essential facts about something or what effect it will have, without explaining all the details总而言之；总的情况

the long arm of something

the power and/or authority of something（某事物的）权力，权威
- There is no escape from the long arm of the law.法网恢恢，疏而不漏。

(pull, wear, etc.) a long face

(to have) an unhappy or disappointed expression闷闷不乐；哭丧着脸；愁眉苦脸
- He took one look at her long face and said ‘What’s wrong?’他看了一眼她的长脸，说道:“怎么了？
- The news for the company isn't good, judging from the long faces in the boardroom.从董事会上人们拉长的脸可以看出，对公司来说这不是个好信息。

long in the tooth

(humorous, especially British English) old or too old年齿渐长；老朽

a long shot

an attempt or a guess that is not likely to be successful but is worth trying成功希望不大的尝试；把握不大的猜测；姑妄一猜
- It's a long shot, but it just might work.没有什么把握，但也许行得通。
Topics Doubt, guessing and certaintyc2, Difficulty and failurec2

(to cut a) long story short (British English)

(North American English (to make a) long story short)

(informal) used when you are saying that you will get to the point of what you are saying quickly, without including all the details长话短说；扼要地说；简而言之
- To cut a long story short, we didn’t get home until 3 in the morning!长话短说，我们直到凌晨3点才到家！
- Anyway, long story short: we had this argument and I haven't seen him since.总之长话短说:我们有过这样的争吵，从那以后我再也没见过他。

long time no see

(informal) used to say hello to somebody you have not seen for a long time好久不见了

not by a long chalk (British English)

(also not by a long shot North American English, British English)

not nearly; not at all差得远；绝不；一点也不
- It's not over yet—not by a long chalk.这事还没有了结，还差得远呢。

take a long (cool/hard) look at something

to consider a problem or possibility very carefully and without hurrying极其慎重地考虑（问题或可能性）
- We need to take a long, hard look at all the options.我们需要十分谨慎地考虑所有的选择。

take the long view (of something)

to consider what is likely to happen or be important over a long period of time rather than only considering the present situation从长远考虑
- As pension funds are investing for members’ retirements, they can take the long view.由于养老基金正在为成员退休进行投资，他们可以从长计议。

long

adverb

/lɒŋ/

/lɔːŋ/

(longer

/ˈlɒŋɡə(r)/

/ˈlɔːŋɡər/

, longest

/ˈlɒŋɡɪst/

/ˈlɔːŋɡɪst/

)

Word Family

long adjective adverb
length noun
lengthy adjective
lengthen verb

Idioms

for a long time长期地；长久地
- Have you been here long?你来这里时间长吗？
- Stay as long as you like.你愿待多久就待多久。
- The party went on long into the night.聚会持续到深夜。
- You shouldn't have to wait too long.你不应该等太久。
- Now we're living longer and retiring later. 现在我们活得更久，退休也更晚。
- This may take longer than we thought.这事花的时间也许比我们预料的要多些。
- Shows don't usually last this long. 演出通常不会持续这么久。
- I won't be long (= I'll return, be ready, etc. soon).我一会儿就行。
- How long have you been waiting?你等了多久了？
- Those carefree college years are long gone. 那些无忧无虑的大学岁月早就过去了。
- These reforms are long overdue.这些改革早就该进行了。
- Sophie needs to think long and hard about where she's going next. 索菲需要长时间努力思考她下一步要去哪里。
Which Word? (for) long / (for) a long time
(for) long / (for) a long time
- Both (for) long and (for) a long time are used as expressions of time. In positive sentences (for) a long time is used:* (for) long 和 (for) a long time 均用以表示时间。肯定句用 (for) a long time：
  We’ve been friends a long time.我们是老朋友了。
  (For) long is not used in positive sentences unless it is used with too, enough, as, so, seldom, etc:* (for) long 只有与 too、enough、as、so、seldom 等词连用时才用于肯定句中：
  I stayed out in the sun for too long.我在太阳底下待的时间太长了。
  You’ve been waiting long enough.你等得够久的了。
  Both (for) long and (for) a long time can be used in questions, but (for) long is usually preferred:* (for) long 和 (for) a long time 均可用于疑问句，但 (for) long 较常用：
  Have you been waiting long?你等了很长时间吗？
- In negative sentences (for) a long time sometimes has a different meaning from (for) long. Compare:
  I haven’t been here for a long time (= It is a long time since the last time I was here) and I haven’t been here long (= I arrived here only a short time ago).‘我已很久没到这里来了（即离上次我来此已很长时间了）’和‘我到这里没多久（即我刚到不久）’.
a long time before or after a particular time or event（在某一时间或事件之前或以后）很久地
- He retired long before the war.他在战争之前早就退休了。
- It wasn't long before she had persuaded him (= it only took a short time).她没用多久就把他说服了。
- before long We'll be home before long (= soon).我们很快就要到家了。
- long ago The house was pulled down long ago.那栋房子很久以前就被拆掉了。
- Not long ago (= quite recently) phones were only used for speaking to people or maybe sending texts.不久前，电话还只是用来和人说话或者发短信。
- long past something It was long past midnight. 已经过了午夜很久了。
- long since They had long since (= a long time before the present time) moved away.他们早就搬走了。
used after a noun to emphasize that something happens for the whole of a particular period of time（用于名词后强调某事发生在某整段时间）
- We had to wait all day long.我们不得不整天等候着。
- The baby was crying all night long.婴儿整夜在哭。
- They stayed up the whole night long.他们彻夜未眠。

词源adverb Old English lang, long (adjective), lange, longe (adverb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch and German lang.

Idioms

as/so long as

only if只要
- We'll go as long as the weather is good.只要天气好我们就去。
since; to the extent that既然；由于；就…来说
- So long as there is a demand for these drugs, the financial incentive for drug dealers will be there.只要对这些毒品有需求，就存在着对贩毒者的经济诱因。

for (so) long

for (such) a long time长久地；（这么）长时间地
- Will you be away for long?你要离开很久吗？
- I'm sorry I haven't written to you for so long.真抱歉，我这么长时间未给你写信。

he who laughs last laughs longest

(saying) used to tell somebody not to be too proud of their present success; in the end another person may be more successful别高兴得太早；笑到最后才笑得最好Topics Successc2

how long have you got? (British English)

(North American English how long do you have?)

(informal) used to say that something is going to take a long time to explain你有多少时间（指需要很长时间来解释）
- What do I think about it? How long have you got?这事我是怎么想的？说来话长，你有时间听吗？

long live somebody/something

used to say that you hope somebody/something will live or last for a long time…万岁；…万古长青
- Long live the King!国王万岁！
- Long live public libraries!公共图书馆万岁！

no/any longer

used to say that something that was possible or true before, is not now不再；不复
- I can't wait any longer.我不能再等了。
- He no longer lives here.他不再住这儿了。

so long

(informal) goodbye再见

long

verb

/lɒŋ/

/lɔːŋ/

[intransitive]

动词形式

present simple I / you / we / they long	/lɒŋ/ /lɔːŋ/
he / she / it longs	/lɒŋz/ /lɔːŋz/
past simple longed	/lɒŋd/ /lɔːŋd/
past participle longed	/lɒŋd/ /lɔːŋd/
-ing form longing	/ˈlɒŋɪŋ/ /ˈlɔːŋɪŋ/

to want something very much especially if it does not seem likely to happen soon（尤指对看似不会很快发生的事）渴望 synonym yearn
- long for somebody/something Lucy had always longed for a brother.露西一直渴望有个弟弟。
- long for somebody to do something He longed for Pat to phone.他期盼着帕特来电话。
- long to do something I'm longing to see you again.我渴望再次见到你。
see also longed-for
- He hated the city and longed for the mountains.他厌恶城市，向往山区。
- She had always longed to go abroad.她一直渴望出国。
- They were the words she had secretly longed to hear.那些话是她暗中渴望听到的。
Collocations Dictionary
adverb
- desperately
- secretly
- always
- …
preposition
- for
词源verb Old English langian ‘grow long, prolong’, also ‘dwell in thought, yearn’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch langen ‘present, offer’ and German langen ‘reach, extend’.

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