Ludwig Wittgenstein
/ˌlʊdvɪɡ ˈvɪtɡənʃteɪn/
/ˌlʊdvɪɡ ˈvɪtɡənʃteɪn/
- (1889-1951) an Austrian philosopher. He studied in Britain under Bertrand Russell before the First World War. After the war he moved back to Britain, becoming a British citizen in 1938. He worked on theories of language and philosophy. In his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922) he suggested the theory that language represents pictures of things according to established conventions (= general agreement). Later, he decided that this was wrong, and worked on the theory that usage (= the way words are used in a language) was more important.
路德维希·维特根斯坦（1889-1951）是奥地利哲学家。第一次世界大战之前，他曾在Bertrand Russell领导下在英国学习。战争结束后，他移居英国，并于1938年成为英国公民。他从事语言和哲学理论的研究。在他的《逻辑哲学哲学》（Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus，1922年）中，他提出了一种理论，即语言根据既定的惯例（即普遍同意）表示事物的图片。后来，他认为这是错误的，并根据使用理论（即单词在语言中的使用方式）更为重要的理论进行研究。