Margaret Thatcher
/ˌmɑːɡrət ˈθætʃə(r)/
/ˌmɑːrɡrət ˈθætʃər/
(also Mrs Thatcher
/ˌmɪsɪz ˈθætʃə(r)/
/ˌmɪsɪz ˈθætʃər/
, Maggie /ˈmæɡi/
/ˈmæɡi/
, Lady Thatcher /ˌleɪdi ˈθætʃə(r)/
/ˌleɪdi ˈθætʃər/
)- (1925-2013) a British Conservative politician who became Britain's first woman prime minister and was one of the longest serving British prime ministers of the 20th century. She became a Member of Parliament in 1959 and a member of the Cabinet in 1970 when she was made Secretary of State for education and science. In 1975 she defeated Edward Heath in a party election for leader and became Prime Minister in 1979 when the Conservative Party won the general election. She believed that the state should not interfere in business, and privatized many industries that were owned by the state. She reduced the power of the trade unions by a series of laws, and defeated the miners in the miners' strike in 1985. She wanted people not to rely on the welfare state, and instead to pay for their own healthcare, education and pensions. People were often critical of Mrs Thatcher's policies, and blamed her for the decline of many British industries and high unemployment. However she was seen as a very determined and patriotic prime minister, and she became especially popular after the Falklands War. Because of this she was often referred to as the 'Iron Lady'. After winning three general elections, she was forced to resign in 1991 by members of her own party who criticized her attitude to the European Union. She was succeeded as Prime Minister by John Major. She was made a life peer in 1992.
玛格丽特·撒切尔（Margaret Thatcher）：（1925-2013）英国保守党政客，成为英国第一位女总理，并且是20世纪任职时间最长的英国总理之一。她于1959年成为国会议员，并于1970年被任命为教育和科学大臣时成为内阁成员。1975年，她在一次党内选举中击败了爱德华·希思，并在1979年保守党赢得大选时成为总理。她认为国家不应该干预商业活动，并且将许多国家所有的产业私有化。她通过一系列法律降低了工会的权力，并在1985年的矿工罢工中击败了矿工。她希望人们不要依靠福利国家，而要自己支付医疗，教育和养老金。人们常常批评撒切尔夫人的政策，并指责她为许多英国工业的衰落和高失业率。然而，她被视为非常坚定和爱国的总理，在福克兰群岛战争之后，她变得特别受欢迎。因此，她经常被称为“铁娘子”。在赢得三届大选后，她于1991年被自己党内成员批评她对欧洲联盟的态度而被迫辞职。约翰·梅杰（John Major）继任总理。她在1992年成为终身同伴。因此，她经常被称为“铁娘子”。在赢得三届大选后，她于1991年被自己党内成员批评她对欧洲联盟的态度而被迫辞职。约翰·梅杰（John Major）继任总理。她在1992年成为终身同伴。因此，她经常被称为“铁娘子”。在赢得三届大选后，她于1991年被自己党内成员批评她对欧洲联盟的态度而被迫辞职。约翰·梅杰（John Major）继任总理。她在1992年成为终身同伴。