norm

noun

OPAL W

/nɔːm/

/nɔːrm/

(often the norm)
[singular] a situation or a pattern of behaviour that is usual or expected常态；正常行为 synonym rule (4)
- The new design is a departure from the norm.新的设计打破了常规。
- Older parents seem to be the norm rather than the exception nowadays.人们在年龄较大时才生育子女在今天似乎成了常事，而不是个例。
- In the inner-city areas, poverty is the norm rather than the exception.在内城区，贫穷是正常现象而不是例外。
- On-screen editing has become the norm for all student work.在计算机屏幕上编辑已成为所有学生作业的标准要求。
- Small families are the norm nowadays.现在大都是小家庭。
Collocations Dictionary
adjective
- accepted
- established
- ethical
- …
verb + norm
- be
- become
- conform to
- …
preposition
- above the norm
- below the norm
- over the norm
- …
phrases
- a departure from the norm
- a deviation from the norm
- an exception to the norm
- …
norms
[plural] standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society规范；行为标准
- social/cultural norms社会／文化规范
- She considered people to be products of the values and norms of the society they lived in.她认为人是其所生活的社会之价值观和规范的产物。
- accepted norms of behaviour公认的行为规范
Collocations Race and immigration
Race and immigration种族与移民Prejudice and racism偏见与种族歧视
- experience/encounter racism/discrimination/prejudice/anti-semitism经历／遭遇种族歧视／歧视／偏见／反犹太主义
- face/suffer persecution/discrimination面临／遭受迫害／歧视
- fear/escape from/flee racial/political/religious persecution惧怕／逃离种族／政治／宗教迫害
- constitute/be a form of racial/race discrimination构成／是一种种族歧视
- reflect/reveal/show/have a racial/cultural bias反映出／揭示出／表现出／具有种族／文化偏见
- be biased/be prejudiced against (especially British English) black people/(both especially North American English) people of color/African Americans/Asians/Africans/Indians, etc.对黑人／有色人种／非裔美国人／亚洲人／非洲人／印度人等有偏见
- discriminate against minority groups/minorities歧视少数群体／少数民族
- perpetuate/conform to/fit/defy a common/popular/traditional/negative stereotype固守／遵从／符合／藐视普遍的／流行的／传统的／负面的模式化观念
- overcome/be blinded by deep-seated/racial/(especially North American English) race prejudice克服根深蒂固的／种族的偏见；被根深蒂固的／种族的偏见所蒙蔽
- entrench/perpetuate racist attitudes固守种族主义的态度
- hurl/shout (especially British English) racist abuse; (especially North American English) a racist/racial/ethnic slur高声地进行种族污辱
- challenge/confront racism/discrimination/prejudice拒绝接受／对抗种族主义／歧视／偏见
- combat/fight (against)/tackle blatant/overt/covert/subtle/institutional/systemic racism打压／反对／处理公然的／公开的／隐蔽的／微妙的／制度性的种族歧视
Race and society种族和社会
- damage/improve (especially British English) race relations破坏／改善种族关系
- practise (racial/religious) tolerance/segregation
- bridge/break down/transcend cultural/racial barriers消除／打破／超越文化／种族隔阂
- encourage/promote social integration鼓励／促进社会融合
- outlaw/end discrimination/slavery/segregation取缔／终止歧视／奴隶制／种族隔离
- promote/embrace/celebrate cultural diversity促进／欣然接纳／颂扬文化多样性
- conform to/challenge/violate (accepted/established/prevailing/dominant) social/cultural norms遵循／挑战／违背（公认的／确立的／盛行的／占支配地位的）社会／文化规范
- live in a multicultural society生活在多元文化社会
- attack/criticize multiculturalism攻击／批评多元文化主义
- fight for/struggle for/promote racial equality为种族平等而斗争；促进种族平等
- perpetuate/reinforce economic and social inequality延续／加剧经济和社会的不平等
- introduce/be for/be against (British English) positive discrimination/(especially North American English) affirmative action推行／支持／反对积极性区别对待政策
- support/be active in/play a leading role in the civil rights movement支持／积极参与／领导民权运动
Immigration移居
- control/restrict/limit/encourage immigration控制／限制／鼓励外来移民
- attract/draw a wave of immigrants吸引一批外来移民
- assist/welcome refugees援助／欣然接受难民
- house/shelter refugees and asylum seekers安置／庇护难民和寻求政治避难者
- smuggle illegal immigrants into the UK偷运非法移民到英国
- deport/repatriate illegal immigrants/failed asylum seekers驱逐／遣返非法移民／寻求政治避难失败者
- assimilate/integrate new immigrants同化／融合新移民
- employ/hire migrant workers雇用流动工人
- exploit/rely on (cheap/illegal) immigrant labour
- apply for/gain/obtain/be granted/be denied (full) citizenship申请／获得／准予／未准予（完全的）公民身份
- have/hold dual citizenship持有双重国籍
Collocations Dictionary
adjective
- accepted
- established
- ethical
- …
verb + norm
- be
- become
- conform to
- …
preposition
- above the norm
- below the norm
- over the norm
- …
phrases
- a departure from the norm
- a deviation from the norm
- an exception to the norm
- …
[countable] a required or agreed standard, amount, etc.标准；定额；定量
- detailed education norms for children of particular ages针对具体年龄儿童的详细教育标准
- The government claims that background radioactivity is well below international norms.政府声称背景放射性远低于国际标准。
- There is a comparison of each child with the age norms.每个孩子都有一个年龄标准的比较。
- The revised norms are based on test scores of 2 050 children aged between five and ten.修订后的标准是基于2 050名5至10岁儿童的考试成绩。
- Public examination systems set up a norm, on which each student is judged.公共考试系统建立了一个标准，根据这个标准来评判每个学生。
- They want to discourage pay settlements over the norm.他们想阻止推行超过正常标准的工资解决方案。
- accepted norms of international law公认的国际法标准

词源early 19th cent.: from Latin norma ‘precept, rule, carpenter's square’.