University
/ˌɒksfəd juːnɪˈvɜːsəti/
/ˌɑːksfərd juːnɪˈvɜːrsəti/
- the oldest university in Britain, in the town of , England. There is evidence of teaching at as early as 1096, but the university developed rapidly from the middle of the 12th century. It has a high reputation for academic achievement. The university consists of a number of separate colleges, the earliest of which is University College (established 1249). Other famous colleges include All Souls, Balliol, Christ Church, Magdalen, New College, St John's and Trinity. Among the university's famous buildings are the Bodleian Library and the Sheldonian Theatre.
牛津大学：英国最古老的大学，位于英格兰牛津镇。早在1096年，牛津就有教书的证据，但该大学从12世纪中叶开始迅速发展。它在学术成就方面享有很高的声誉。该大学由许多独立的学院组成，其中最早的是大学学院（成立于1249年）。其他著名大学包括万灵学院，巴利奥尔学院，基督教会，玛格达琳学院，新学院，圣约翰学院和三一学院。大学的著名建筑包括Bodleian图书馆和Sheldonian剧院。 Culture OxbridgeOxbridgeOxbridge is a word made from the names and Cambridge and is used to refer to the universities of and Cambridge together. and Cambridge are the oldest universities in Britain. They are generally also thought to be the best universities to study at. An Oxbridge degree makes a good impression with many employers, and graduates of these universities may have an advantage when applying for jobs. Although efforts are made to attract more students from state schools, many of the undergraduates at each university have been educated at independent schools. The upper class have traditionally sent their children to Oxbridge, and many prime ministers and politicians studied there. To many people, and Cambridge seem very remote places where only the very privileged can study.Students at and Cambridge must be accepted at one of around 30 partly independent colleges. Students are chosen after an interview in the college they want to go to. The teachers are called dons. Each college has its own teaching and research staff, who are fellows of the college, and its own buildings, including hall (= where members of the college eat), a library, a chapel, and rooms for students to live in during the term. The buildings are often arranged round a quad (= square). Until the 1970s colleges were single-sex, but now all colleges and almost all Cambridge colleges are mixed. The universities provide other facilities for all students to use, including laboratories, lecture rooms and libraries.The teaching system is different from that at most other universities. Students have tutorials, called supervisions at Cambridge, at which they read their essays to their tutor, a fellow who is a specialist in what they are studying. There are usually no more than one or two students at a tutorial and tutorials are arranged by the college. Students also go to lectures that are arranged by the university and open to all students. Terms are short, and students are expected to prepare for them in the vacations. Final examinations at are called schools, and at Cambridge the tripos. Undergraduates at and Cambridge study for a BA degree, but after a period of time graduates can convert their BA to an MA (Oxon) or an MA (Cantab) without doing any further study. Oxon is short for Oxoniensis, and Cantab for Cantabrigiensis, Latin for ‘of ’ and ‘of Cambridge’.At students sometimes have to wear gowns (= black robes), at dinner in hall or when they go to see the college principal (= head). When they sit examinations or go to a degree ceremony they have to wear academic dress. This is known as subfusc, and consists of black trousers or skirt, black shoes and socks or tights, a white shirt and a black or white tie. They also wear their gown and a mortar board (= a black hat with a flat, square top) and, when they graduate, a hood that shows their status. At Cambridge students only have to wear gowns when they matriculate (= become members of the university) and at graduation.The two universities are academic rivals, and also compete in debating and sport. The Boat Race, held each year around Easter, attracts national attention. Rugby and cricket teams play against each other in varsity matches, as well as against professional teams.