poll

noun

/pəʊl/

(also opinion poll)
[countable] the process of questioning people who are representative of a larger group in order to get information about the general opinion民意测验；民意调查 synonym survey
- to carry out/conduct a poll进行民意测验
- A recent poll suggests some surprising changes in public opinion.最近的调查表明，民意有了出人意表的变化。
- A nationwide poll revealed different food preferences in the North and the South.一项全国性的民意调查显示，北方和南方的食物偏好不同。
- The poll asked voters what was the most important moral issue that affected their vote.该调查询问选民什么是影响他们投票的最重要的道德问题。
- Nelson has a clear lead in the opinion polls.纳尔逊在民意测验中明显领先。
- Only 22 per cent of poll respondents say they have a positive opinion of him.只有22%的受访者说他们对他有正面评价。
- The latest tracking poll shows the Democrats leading by four percentage points.最新跟踪调查显示，民主党领先四个百分点。
- The president's poll numbers are sinking fast in the West.在西方，总统的民调数字正在快速下降。
- poll data on consumer attitudes消费观念的民意调查数据
- the results generated by the poll question由民意调查的问题得出的结论
Topics Opinion and argumentc1
Collocations Dictionary
adjective
- local
- national
- nationwide
- …
verb + poll
- carry out
- conduct
- do
- …
poll + verb
- confirm something
- find something
- indicate something
- …
poll + noun
- numbers
- rating
- results
- …
preposition
- in the polls
phrases
- be ahead in the polls
- be behind in the polls
- a lead in the polls
- …
[countable]
(also the polls [plural])
the process of voting at an election; the process of counting the votes选举投票；计票
- The final result of the poll will be known tomorrow.投票结果将于明天公布。
- Thursday is traditionally the day when Britain goes to the polls (= when elections are held).英国传统的投票选举日是星期四。
- Polls close (= voting ends) at 9 p.m.投票于晚上 9 点结束。
- at the polls Their defeat at the polls came as a big shock.他们在投票中的失败令人震惊。
Synonyms election
election
- vote
- poll
- referendum
- ballot
These are all words for an event in which people choose a representative or decide something by voting.
- election an occasion on which people officially choose a political representative or government by voting:
  Who did you vote for in the last election?上次选举中你把票投给了谁？
- vote an occasion on which a group of people vote for somebody/something:
  They took a vote on who should go first.他们以投票方式决定谁先走。
- poll (journalism) the process of voting in an election:（新闻）指选举投票、计票：
  They suffered a defeat at the polls.他们在投票选举中惨遭失败。
- referendum an occasion on which all the adults in a country can vote on a particular issue指全民投票、全民公决
- ballot the system of voting by marking an election paper, especially in secret; an occasion on which a vote is held:
  The leader will be chosen by secret ballot.领导人将通过无记名投票选举产生。
  Ballot is usually used about a vote within an organization rather than an occasion on which the public vote.
Patterns
- a national/local election/vote/poll/referendum/ballot
- to have/hold/conduct a(n) election/vote/poll/referendum/ballot
Culture electionselectionsIn Britain, a general election takes place at least every five years, when the electorate (= all the people in the country who can vote) vote for the Members of Parliament or MPs in the House of Commons. Each MP represents a constituency, which is an area of the country with an approximately equal number of people, and is expected to be interested in the affairs of the constituency and to represent the interests of local people. If an MP dies or resigns, a by-election is held in the constituency he or she represented. Before an election one person is chosen by each of the main political parties to be their candidate. Independent candidates, who do not belong to a political party, can also stand for election. Each candidate has to leave a deposit with the returning officer, the person responsible for managing the election, which is returned to them if they win more than 5% of the votes, otherwise they lose their deposit. Before an election, candidates campaign for support in their constituency and local party workers spend their time canvassing, going from house to house to ask people about how they intend to vote. At the national level the parties spend a lot of money on advertising. They cannot buy television time, but each party is allowed a number of timed party political broadcasts.Anyone over the age of 18 has the right to vote at elections, provided they are on the electoral register (= list of adults in a constituency). Voting is not compulsory. The turnout (= number of people who vote) in recent general elections has been between 60 and 70% although in the past 75 to 80% was more usual. On the day of the election, called polling day, voters go to a polling station, often in a local school or church hall, and are given a ballot paper. The ballot paper lists all the candidates for that constituency and the parties they represent. The voter goes into a polling booth, where nobody can see what he or she is writing, and puts a cross next to the name of one candidate only. After the polls close, the ballot papers are taken to a central place to be counted. Counting usually takes place on the same day as the election, continuing late into the night if necessary. If the number of votes for two candidates is very close, they can demand a recount. Only the candidate who gets the most votes in each constituency is elected. This system is called first-past-the-post. The winning party, which forms the next government, is the one that wins most seats in Parliament (= has the most MPs).In the US, elections are held regularly for President, for both houses of Congress and for state and local government offices. Candidates usually run for office with the support of one of the two main political parties, the Republican Party or the Democratic Party, although anyone wanting to run as an independent can organize a petition and ask people to sign it. Some people also run as write-in candidates: they ask voters to add their name to the ballot paper when they vote. A very large amount of money is spent on election campaigning, where candidates try to achieve name recognition (= making their names widely known) by advertising on television, in newspapers and on posters. They take part in debates and hold rallies where they give speeches and go round pressing the flesh (= shaking hands with as many voters as possible).Only a person over 35 who is a 'natural born citizen' of the US can run for President. Presidential elections are held every four years and early in election year, the political parties choose their candidates through a series of primary elections held in each state. As these races take place it gradually becomes clear which candidates are the strongest and in the summer each party holds a convention to make the final choice of candidates for President and Vice-President. In November, the people go to vote and although the President is said to be directly elected, the official vote is made by an electoral college. Each state has a certain number of electors in the college based on the state's population. All the electors from a state must vote for the candidate who got the most votes in the state, and the candidate with at least 270 votes out of 538 becomes President. After the election, the new President goes to Washington for the inauguration on 20 January, and takes the oath of office.Americans over the age of 18 have the right to vote, but only about 60% of them take part in presidential elections and voter turnout for other elections is even lower. On election day, voters go to polling stations where they first have to sign their name in a book that lists all the voters in the precinct (= area) and then cast a vote. Some states use computerized voting systems and in others voters pull down a metal lever next to the name of the person they want to vote for, which counts the votes. It is possible to select all the candidates from one party, which is called voting a straight ticket, but many voters choose candidates from both parties and vote a split ticket. In both the US and Britain, journalists and pollsters are allowed to ask people how they voted and these exit polls help to predict election results. However, the results of exit polls may not be announced until polling stations everywhere have closed, in case they influence the result.
- success in the polls民意调查中获得的成功
- The party is leading in the polls.该党在民意测验中领先。
- Counting will begin as soon as the polls close.选举投票一结束就将开始计票。
- Clearer policies might have widened our lead in the polls.更清晰的政策可能会扩大我们在民意调查中的领先优势。
Topics Politicsc1
Collocations Dictionary
adjective
- presidential
verb + poll
- go to
poll + verb
- open
- close
preposition
- at the polls
[singular] the number of votes given in an election投票数 synonym ballot
- Labour is ahead in the poll.工党的得票数领先。
- They gained 20 per cent of the poll.他们获得了20%的选票。

see also deed poll, exit poll, push poll, straw poll

词源Middle English (in the sense ‘head’): perhaps of Low German origin. The original sense was ‘head’, and hence ‘an individual person among a number’, which led to the sense ‘number of people ascertained by counting of heads’ and then ‘counting of heads or of votes’ (17th cent.).

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