punitive
adjective /ˈpjuːnətɪv/
/ˈpjuːnətɪv/
[usually before noun] (formal)- intended as punishment
惩罚性的；刑罚的；处罚的 - There are calls for more punitive measures against people who drink and drive.
有人呼吁对酒后驾车的人要有更具处罚性的措施。 - Punitive action will be taken against the hooligans.
那些小流氓将会受到惩治。
- There are calls for more punitive measures against people who drink and drive.
- very severe and that people find very difficult to pay
（租税等）苛刻的 - punitive taxes
惩罚性征税 - They could impose punitive tariffs of up to 100% on imports.
他们可以向进口商品征收100%的惩罚性关税。
- punitive taxes
词源early 17th cent.: from French punitif, -ive or medieval Latin punitivus, from Latin punit- ‘punished’, from the verb punire, from poena ‘penalty’.