retreat

noun

/rɪˈtriːt/

Idioms

from danger/defeat遇险；失败

[countable, usually singular, uncountable] a movement away from a place or an enemy because of danger or defeat撤退；退却

Napoleon’s retreat from Moscow拿破仑从莫斯科的撤退
The army was in full retreat (= retreating very quickly).部队全线撤退。
to sound the retreat (= to give a loud signal for an army to move away)发出撤退信号

Collocations War and peaceWar and peace战争与和平Starting a war开战

declare/make/wage war (on somebody/something)（向…）宣战／挑起战争／发动战争
go to war (against/with somebody)（向…）开战
cause/spark/provoke/foment/quell unrest引起／平息骚乱
incite/lead/crush/suppress a revolt/rebellion煽动／领导／镇压起义／叛乱
launch/mount/carry out a surprise/terrorist attack发起／实施突然／恐怖袭击
prevent/halt/represent an escalation of the conflict防止／阻止／表明冲突升级
be torn apart by/be on the brink of civil war被内战搞得四分五裂；濒于内战
enter/invade/occupy somebody’s territory进入／侵略／占领某人的领土
lead/launch/resist/repel an invasion领导／发起／抵制／击退武装入侵

Military operations军事行动

adopt/develop/implement/pursue a military strategy采用／发展／实施／执行军事战略
carry out/execute/perform military operations/manoeuvres
send/deploy/station/pull back/withdraw troops派遣／部署／派驻／撤回部队
go on/fly/carry out a reconnaissance/rescue mission进行／驾机执行／执行侦察／营救任务
train/equip/deploy army/military/combat units训练／装备／部署陆军／军事／作战分队
lead/launch/conduct a raid/a surprise attack/an (air/airborne/amphibious) assault (on somebody)领导／发起／实施（对某人的）突然袭击／（空中／空投部队／登陆）攻击
employ/use guerrilla tactics采用游击战术
conduct/wage biological/guerrilla warfare进行／发动生物战／游击战
fight/crush/defeat the rebels/the insurgency设法战胜／镇压／挫败叛乱者／叛乱
suffer/inflict a crushing defeat遭受惨败；大获全胜
achieve/win a decisive victory赢得决定性的胜利
halt/stop the British/German/Russian advance阻止英国／德国／俄罗斯的前进
order/force a retreat命令／强迫撤退

Fighting作战

join/serve in the army/navy/air force加入陆军／海军／空军；在陆军／海军／空军部队服役
be/go/remain/serve on active duty在服现役
serve/complete/return from a tour of duty在服役；服役完毕；服役归来
be sent to the front (line)被派往前线
attack/strike/engage/defeat/kill/destroy the enemy袭击／攻击敌人；与敌人交战；击败／杀死／消灭敌人
see/report/be engaged in heavy fighting目睹／报道／参与激战
call for/be met with armed resistance要求／遭遇武装抵抗
come under heavy/machine-gun/mortar fire冒着激烈的／机关枪的／迫击炮的射击
fire a machine-gun/mortar shells/rockets (at somebody/something)（对…）发射机关枪／迫击炮弹／火箭弹
shoot a rifle/a pistol/bullets/missiles步枪／手枪射击；发射子弹／导弹
launch/fire a cruise/ballistic/anti-tank missile发射巡航／弹道／反坦克导弹
use biological/chemical/nuclear weapons使用生物／化学／核武器
inflict/suffer/sustain heavy losses/casualties遭受惨重损失／伤亡
be hit/killed by enemy/friendly/artillery fire被敌军／友军／炮火击中／射死
become/be held as a prisoner of war成为战俘；作为战俘被监禁

Civilians in war战争中的平民

harm/kill/target/protect innocent/unarmed civilians伤害／杀死／瞄准／保护无辜的／手无寸铁的平民
cause/avoid/limit/minimize civilian casualties/collateral damage导致／避免／限制／最大限度减少平民伤亡／附带性破坏
impose/enforce/lift a curfew强制实行／解除宵禁
engage in/be a victim of ethnic cleansing参与种族清洗；成为种族清洗的受害者
be sent to an internment/a concentration camp被送到俘虏拘留营／集中营
accept/house/resettle refugees fleeing from war接受／收容／安置战争难民
fear/threaten military/violent reprisals害怕／扬言要军事／暴力报复
commit/be accused of war crimes/crimes against humanity/genocide犯／被指控犯战争罪／反人类罪／种族灭绝罪

Making peace和解

make/bring/win/achieve/maintain/promote peace促使／带来／赢得／实现／保持／促进和平
call for/negotiate/broker/declare a ceasefire/a temporary truce要求／商谈／协商／宣布停战／暂时休战
sign a ceasefire agreement签署停战协议
call for/bring/put an end to hostilities要求发动／引发／结束战争
demand/negotiate/accept the surrender of somebody/something强烈要求／商讨／接受…投降
establish/send (in) a peacekeeping force建立／派遣维和部队
negotiate/conclude/ratify/sign/accept/reject/break/violate a peace treaty商讨／达成／正式批准／签署／接受／拒绝／破坏／违反和平协定

Eventually the police forced the crowd into retreat.最后警察迫使人群向后撤退。
He took part in the retreat from Paris.他参加了逃离巴黎的活动。
I made a tactful retreat before they started arguing.在他们开始争论前我巧妙地找机会离开了。
The enemy was now in retreat.敌人正在撤退。
We covered his retreat with bursts of gunfire.我们集中火力掩护他撤退。
We succeeded in cutting off the enemy's line of retreat.我们成功地截断了敌人的撤退路线。
an ignominious retreat to the River Vistula至维斯瓦河的不光彩撤退
fresh evidence that trade unionism is on the retreat工会制正在逐渐消失的最新迹象
Hitler's retreat from Russia希特勒从俄罗斯的撤退

Topics War and conflictc1

Collocations Dictionaryadjective

hasty
headlong
quick
…

verb + retreat

beat
make
lead
…

preposition

in retreat
on the retreat
retreat from
…

phrases

be in full retreat
a line of retreat

escape逃跑

[countable, usually singular, uncountable] retreat (from/into something) an act of trying to escape from a particular situation to one that you think is safer or more pleasant逃避；退避；躲避 synonym escape

Is watching television a retreat from reality?看电视是对现实的一种逃避吗？
her retreat into a fantasy world of her own她躲进了自己的虚幻世界

Collocations Dictionaryadjective

hasty
headlong
quick
…

verb + retreat

beat
make
lead
…

preposition

in retreat
on the retreat
retreat from
…

phrases

be in full retreat
a line of retreat

change of decision改变决定

[countable, usually singular] an act of changing a decision because of criticism or because a situation has become too difficult（由于批评或环境过于恶劣）改变决定，退缩

The Senator made an embarrassing retreat from his earlier position.这位参议员很尴尬地改变了他早先的立场。

Topics Preferences and decisionsc2

Collocations Dictionaryadjective

hasty
headlong
quick
…

verb + retreat

beat
make
lead
…

preposition

in retreat
on the retreat
retreat from
…

phrases

be in full retreat
a line of retreat

quiet place安静的地方

[countable] a quiet, private place that you go to in order to get away from your usual life僻静处；隐居处

a country retreat乡间隐居处

Camp David, the presidential retreat in Maryland总统在马里兰州的度假地戴维营
She plans to use it as a winter retreat.她打算把它当成冬季静养处。
They are staying here at their secret retreat from life in the city.他们远离城市生活，一直住在隐蔽的静养处。
a summer retreat for the rich富人的避暑胜地
designed as a gentleman's country retreat设计成绅士的乡下静居处
the perfect retreat for a romantic honeymoon浪漫蜜月的完美胜地
She bought the cottage as a weekend retreat.她买了那处村舍作为周末幽居之所。

Collocations Dictionaryadjective

favourite/favorite
idyllic
perfect
…

verb + retreat

turn something into
use something as

preposition

retreat for
retreat from

[uncountable, countable] a period of time when somebody stops their usual activities and goes to a quiet place for prayer and thought; an organized event when people can do this静修期间（或活动）

He went into retreat and tried to resolve the conflicts within himself.他去静修并试图调节自己内心的矛盾冲突。
He went on a Buddhist retreat.他去参加佛教的静修了。

He went into retreat at his country home to escape the attention of the media.他回到乡下的家中躲清静，想避开媒体的关注。
I went off on one of my annual retreats.我外出去做一次年度静修。
I went on a ten-day silent retreat.我去参加了为期 10 天的静修。
She goes on a spiritual retreat for two weeks every summer.她每年夏天都去心灵静修两个星期。
The family held its first retreat last October.这个家庭去年 10 月份第一次举行静修会。
Zen Mountain offers numerous wilderness retreats.禅山有许多人迹罕至的静修之处。

Collocations Dictionaryadjective

Buddhist
meditation
religious
…

verb + retreat

attend
do
go on
…

Idioms

beat a (hasty) retreat

to go away or back quickly, especially to avoid something unpleasant（仓促）逃走；（慌忙）撤退
- I decided to beat a hasty retreat.我决定赶紧离开。

retreat

verb

/rɪˈtriːt/

动词形式

present simple I / you / we / they retreat	/rɪˈtriːt/ /rɪˈtriːt/
he / she / it retreats	/rɪˈtriːts/ /rɪˈtriːts/
past simple retreated	/rɪˈtriːtɪd/ /rɪˈtriːtɪd/
past participle retreated	/rɪˈtriːtɪd/ /rɪˈtriːtɪd/
-ing form retreating	/rɪˈtriːtɪŋ/ /rɪˈtriːtɪŋ/

from danger/defeat遇险；失败

[intransitive] to move away from a place or an enemy because you are in danger or because you have been defeated退却；撤退

The army was forced to retreat after suffering heavy losses.部队因伤亡惨重被迫撤退。
We retreated back down the mountain.我们从山上撤了下来。
They retreated to a safe distance from the fighting.他们撤退到离战斗安全的距离。

opposite advance

The army has been ordered to retreat.军队已受命撤退。
They retreated before the Americans.他们在美国人面前退却了。

Topics War and conflictc1

Collocations Dictionaryadverb

hastily
quickly
rapidly
…

verb + retreat

try to
order somebody to

preposition

before
behind
down
…

move away/back离开；退后

[intransitive] to move away or back离开；离去；退去；后退 synonym recede

He watched her retreating figure.他看着她的身影渐渐远去。
The flood waters slowly retreated.洪水慢慢地消退了。

Sandy retreated slowly, wary of what the man might do.桑迪慢慢向后退，提防着这个人可能采取的行动。
I heard her footsteps retreat down the hall.我听见她沿走廊渐渐走远的脚步声。

Collocations Dictionaryadverb

hastily
quickly
rapidly
…

verb + retreat

try to
order somebody to

preposition

before
behind
down
…

to quiet place到僻静处

[intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to escape to a place that is quieter or safer隐退；逃避；躲避 synonym retire

Bored with the conversation, she retreated to her bedroom.她厌倦了这样的交谈，躲进了自己的卧室。
(figurative) He retreated into a world of fantasy.他遁入了幻想世界。

He retreated hastily back to his car.他匆忙退回自己的车里。
He retreated behind the table.他退到了桌子后面。
She retreated from the busy office to her own room.她从繁忙的办公室中躲到了自己的屋子里。
He retreated into his own world.他躲进了自己的世界中。

Collocations Dictionaryadverb

hastily
quickly
rapidly
…

verb + retreat

try to
order somebody to

preposition

before
behind
down
…

change decision改变决定

[intransitive] + adv./prep. to change your mind about something because of criticism or because a situation has become too difficult（由于批评或环境过于恶劣）改变主意，退缩 synonym back off (from something)

The government had retreated from its pledge to reduce class sizes.政府已经改变了缩小班级规模的承诺。
He told them not to retreat in the face of opposition from the public.他告诉他们面对公众的反对不要退缩。
He retreated in the face of strong opposition.面对强烈的反对，他退却了。

Collocations Dictionaryadverb

hastily
quickly
rapidly
…

verb + retreat

try to
order somebody to

preposition

before
behind
down
…

finance金融

[intransitive] + noun to lose value跌价

Share prices retreated 45p to 538p.这股票价格下跌 45 便士，降到了 538 便士。

词源late Middle English: from Old French retret (noun), retraiter (verb), from Latin retrahere ‘pull back’, from re- ‘back’ + trahere ‘drag’.