scratch
verb /skrætʃ/
/skrætʃ/
动词形式
Idioms Phrasal Verbs| present simple I / you / we / they scratch | /skrætʃ/ /skrætʃ/ |
| he / she / it scratches | /ˈskrætʃɪz/ /ˈskrætʃɪz/ |
| past simple scratched | /skrætʃt/ /skrætʃt/ |
| past participle scratched | /skrætʃt/ /skrætʃt/ |
| -ing form scratching | /ˈskrætʃɪŋ/ /ˈskrætʃɪŋ/ |
- [transitive, intransitive] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching
挠，搔（痒处） - scratch something John yawned and scratched his chin.
约翰打个哈欠，挠挠下巴。 - scratch (yourself) The dog scratched itself behind the ear.
狗用爪子挠挠耳后。 - Try not to scratch.
尽量别挠。 - scratch at something She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.
她挠了挠胳膊上虫咬的包。
- He absently scratched his head.
他心不在焉地挠了挠头。 - He kept scratching at his nose.
他不停地挠着鼻子。 - He scratched at his beard for a few seconds.
他抓了几下胡子。
Collocations Dictionaryadverb- badly
- absently
- lightly
- …
- at
- on
- with
- …
- scratch something John yawned and scratched his chin.
- [transitive, intransitive] to cut or damage your skin slightly with something sharp
划破，抓破，划伤，抓伤（皮肤） - scratch (somebody/something/yourself) I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.
我把腿抓出了血。 - Does the cat scratch?
这只猫抓人吗？ - scratch somebody/something/yourself on something She scratched herself on a nail.
她被钉子划了一下。
Topics Illnessb2- I scratched my arm on a rose bush.
我被玫瑰花丛划伤了胳膊。 - She scratched his face with her nails.
她用指甲抓伤了他的脸。 - She had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.
显然她曾试图抓伤袭击她的人。
Collocations Dictionaryadverb- badly
- absently
- lightly
- …
- at
- on
- with
- …
- scratch (somebody/something/yourself) I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.
- [transitive] scratch something to damage the surface of something, especially by accident, by making thin shallow marks on it
（尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏 - Be careful not to scratch the furniture.
小心别刮坏家具。 - The car's paintwork is badly scratched.
车的漆面划损得很厉害。
Collocations Dictionaryadverb- badly
- absently
- lightly
- …
- at
- on
- with
- …
- Be careful not to scratch the furniture.
- [transitive] scratch something + adv./prep. to make or remove a mark, etc. on something deliberately, by rubbing it with something hard or sharp
刮出（或刮去）痕迹；划下（或擦去）痕迹 - They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch.
他们在泥地上划出一个球场。 - Some graffiti had been scratched on the back of the door.
一些涂鸦被刮到了门的背面。 - We scratched some of the dirt away.
我们刮掉了一些脏东西。 - (figurative) You can scratch my name off the list.
你可以把我的名字从名单上勾掉。
- They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch.
- [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to make an annoying noise by rubbing something with something sharp
刮（或擦、抓）出刺耳声 - His pen scratched away on the paper.
他的笔在纸上沙沙地响。 - We could hear mice scratching behind the wall.
我们可以听到老鼠在墙后抓挠。 - The dog kept scratching at the door to go out.
那条狗不停地抓门，想出去。
- His pen scratched away on the paper.
- [transitive] scratch a living to make enough money to live on, but with difficulty
勉强维持生活 - 75% of the population scratch a living from the soil.
75%的人口从土壤中谋生。
- 75% of the population scratch a living from the soil.
- [transitive, intransitive] to decide that something cannot happen or somebody/something cannot take part in something, before it starts
取消；撤销；退出 - scratch somebody/something to scratch a rocket launch
取消火箭发射计划 - scratch somebody/something from something The horse was scratched from the race because of injury.
这匹马因伤被取消了比赛资格。 - scratch (from something) She had scratched because of a knee injury.
她因膝伤退出了比赛。
- scratch somebody/something to scratch a rocket launch
rub with your nails用指甲挠
cut skin划破皮肤
damage surface损坏表面
make/remove mark造成／去除痕迹
make sound发出声音
a living生计
cancel取消
词源late Middle English: probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn.
Idioms
scratch your head (over something)
- to think hard in order to find an answer to something
苦苦琢磨；苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁 - Experts have been scratching their heads over the increase in teenage crime.
专家们一直对青少年犯罪的增加感到困惑。
- Experts have been scratching their heads over the increase in teenage crime.
scratch the surface (of something)
- to deal with, understand, or find out about only a small part of a subject or problem
作肤浅的探讨；浅尝辄止；隔靴搔痒 - We left feeling that we had just scratched the surface of this fascinating country.
我们离开时觉得我们只是触及了这个迷人国家的表面。 - The investigation barely scratched the surface of the city's drug problem.
这次调查只是触及了该城市毒品问题的表面。
- We left feeling that we had just scratched the surface of this fascinating country.
you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours
- (saying) used to say that if somebody helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others
礼尚往来；私相授受