shall

modal verb

/ʃəl/, strong form /ʃæl/

(especially British English)

动词形式

shall not
shan't	/ʃɑːnt/ /ʃænt/
past simple should	/ʃʊd/ /ʃʊd/
should not
shouldn't

(becoming old-fashioned) used with I and we for talking about or predicting the future（同 I 和 we 连用，表示将来）将要，将会
- This time next week I shall be in Scotland.下周这个时候我就在苏格兰了。
- We shan't be gone long.我们不会去很长时间的。
- I said that I should be pleased to help.我说过我乐意帮忙。
used in questions with I and we for making offers or suggestions or asking advice（在疑问句中同 I 和 we 连用，表示提出或征求意见）
- Shall I send you the book?我把书给你寄去，好不好？
- What shall we do this weekend?这个周末我们要做什么呢？
- Let's look at it again, shall we?我们再看一遍，好不好？
Grammar Point shall / will
shall / will
- In modern English the traditional difference between shall and will has almost disappeared, and shall is not used very much at all, especially in North American English. Shall is now only used with I and we, and often sounds formal and old-fashioned. People are more likely to say:
  I’ll (= I will) be late我要迟到了。
  and和：
  ‘You’ll (= you will) apologize immediately.’“你会马上道歉的。
  ‘No I won’t!’“不，我不会！
- In British English shall is still used with I and we in questions or when you want to make a suggestion or an offer:
  What shall I wear to the party?我穿什么衣服去参加聚会呢？
  Shall we order some coffee?我们要些咖啡好吗？
  I’ll drive, shall I?我来开车好吗？
note at should
Express Yourself Offering to do something
Offering to do something主动提出做某事There are various ways of offering and accepting help:表达提供和接受帮助有多种方式：
- Would you like me to help you with that?你要我来帮你做这件事吗？
- Can I give you a hand?要我帮一把吗？
- Can I help you with that?要我帮你做这件事吗？
- Shall I carry that for you?我来帮你提着它好不好？
  (British English or formal, North American English)
- Would it help if I spoke to Julie before you call her?你给朱莉打电话之前我先跟她谈谈是否有帮助？
- Let me take your bag.我帮你拿包吧。
- If there's anything I can do (to help), let me know.要是我能帮上什么忙的话，请告诉我。
Responses:回应：
- That's very kind/nice/generous/thoughtful of you. Thank you.你真是太好了／太慷慨了／太周到了。谢谢你。
- It's all right, thank you. I can manage/do it.没事儿，谢谢你。我应付得了。
- Thanks. That would be very helpful.谢谢，那会非常有用。
Topics Suggestions and advicea2
(old-fashioned or formal) used to show that you are determined, or to give an order or instruction（表示决心、命令或指示）必须，一定，应该
- He is determined that you shall succeed.他决心使你成功。
- Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.考生必须留在座位上，等所有试卷收好以后方可离去。
Grammar Point modal verbs
modal verbs
- The modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will and would. Dare, need, have to and used to also share some of the features of modal verbs.can、could、may、might、must、ought to、shall、should、will 和 would 均为情态动词。dare、need、have to 和 used to 亦具有情态动词的某些特性。
- Modal verbs have only one form. They have no -ing or -ed forms and do not add -s to the 3rd person singular form:情态动词只有一种形式，没有 -ing 或 -ed 形式，第三人称单数也不加 -s：
  He can speak three languages.他会说三种语言。
  She will try and visit tomorrow.她明天将设法去参观。
- Modal verbs are followed by the infinitive of another verb without to. The exceptions are ought to, have to and used to:情态动词后跟不带 to 的动词不定式，但 ought to、have to 和 used to 例外：
  You must find a job.你必须找到一份工作。
  You ought to stop smoking.你应当戒烟。
  I used to smoke but I gave up two years ago.我过去抽烟，但两年前就戒了。
- Questions are formed without do/does in the present, or did in the past:疑问句现在时不用 do/does，过去时不用 did：
  Can I invite Mary?我可以邀请玛丽吗？
  Should I have invited Mary?我本该邀请玛丽吗？
- Negative sentences are formed with not or the short form -n’t and do not use do/does or did.否定句用 not 或简约式 -n't，不用 do/does 或 did。
You will find more help with how to use modal verbs at the dictionary entries for each verb.情态动词的不同用法可参考本词典里各情态动词词条。

词源Old English sceal, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch zal and German soll, from a base meaning ‘owe’.