shoulder

noun

/ˈʃəʊldə(r)/

/ˈʃəʊldər/

Idioms

part of body身体部位

enlarge image

[countable] either of the two parts of the body between the top of each arm and the neck肩；肩膀；肩胛

your left/right shoulder你的左肩/右肩
a tall man with broad shoulders 肩膀宽阔的高个子男人
over somebody's shoulder He slung the bag over his shoulder.他把包一甩，挎在肩上。
He looked back over his shoulder.他扭头朝后看。
on somebody's shoulder He carried the child on his shoulders.他把孩子扛在肩上。
I put a hand on her shoulder to stop her.我把手放在她的肩膀上阻止她。
She tapped him on the shoulder.她拍了拍他的肩膀。
around somebody's shoulder He put an arm around her shoulders and pulled her close.他搂着她的肩膀，把她拉近。
She shrugged her shoulders (= showing that she didn't know or care).她耸了耸肩。
an off-the-shoulder dress (= that does not cover the shoulders)露肩连衣裙
a shoulder injury肩膀受伤
I have to have shoulder surgery.我得做肩部手术。

Collocations Physical appearancePhysical appearance外貌

A person may be described as having:描述一个人的长相可用 have 一词：

Eyes眼睛

(bright) blue/green/(dark/light) brown/hazel eyes（明亮的）蓝／绿／（深／浅）棕色／浅绿褐色眼睛
deep-set/sunken/bulging/protruding eyes凹陷的／凸出的眼睛
small/beady/sparkling/twinkling/(informal) shifty eyes
piercing/penetrating/steely eyes敏锐的／锐利的眼睛；冷冰冰的眼神
bloodshot/watery/puffy eyes布满血丝的／水汪汪的／肿胀的眼睛
bushy/thick/dark/raised/arched eyebrows浓密的／扬起的／弓形的眉毛
long/dark/thick/curly/false eyelashes/lashes长长的／浓密的／弯曲的／假的眼睫毛

Face脸

a flat/bulbous/pointed/sharp/snub nose塌／蒜头／尖头／尖／短平而上翘的鼻子
a straight/a hooked/a Roman/(formal) an aquiline nose挺直的鼻子；鹰钩鼻；高鼻梁；鹰钩鼻
full/thick/thin/pouty lips丰满的／厚／薄／翘嘴唇
dry/chapped/cracked lips干的／皲裂的／干裂的嘴唇
flushed/rosy/red/ruddy/pale cheeks发红的／红润的／苍白的面颊
soft/chubby/sunken cheeks柔嫩的／胖乎乎的／凹陷的面颊
white/perfect/crooked/protruding teeth洁白的／完好无缺的／参差不齐的／凸出来的牙齿
a large/high/broad/wide/sloping forehead大大的／高高的／宽大的／后倾的前额
a strong/weak/pointed/double chin硬朗的／瘦削的／尖／双下巴
a long/full/bushy/wispy/goatee beard长／大／浓密的／一小撮／山羊胡子
a long/thin/bushy/droopy/handlebar/pencil moustache长长的／稀疏的／浓密的／耷拉着的／翘／细直的八字胡

Hair and skin头发和皮肤

pale/fair/olive/dark/tanned skin苍白的／白皙的／橄榄色的／黝黑的／晒黑的皮肤
dry/oily/smooth/rough/leathery/wrinkled skin干性的／油性的／光滑的／粗糙的／有皱纹的皮肤
a dark/pale/light/sallow/ruddy/olive/swarthy/clear complexion黝黑的／苍白的／白皙的／蜡黄的／红润的／浅褐色的／黝黑的／无瑕的面容
deep/fine/little/facial wrinkles深深的／细小的／小的／面部的皱纹
blonde/blond/fair/(light/dark) brown/(jet-)black/auburn/red/(British English) ginger/grey hair
straight/curly/wavy/frizzy/spiky hair直发；鬈发；波浪形的／鬈曲的／刺猬式的头发
thick/thin/fine/bushy/thinning hair厚密的／稀疏的／纤细的／浓密的／逐渐稀少的头发
dyed/bleached/soft/silky/dry/greasy/shiny hair染了色的／漂白了的／柔顺的／丝滑的／干性的／油性的／有光泽的头发
long/short/shoulder-length/cropped hair长／短／齐肩／剪短了的头发
a bald/balding/shaved head秃头；开始秃顶的头；剃光了的头
a receding hairline后移的发际线
a bald patch/spot秃了的一块
a side/centre(British English) parting 偏分；中分

Body身体

a long/short/thick/slender/(disapproving) scrawny neck
broad/narrow/sloping/rounded/hunched shoulders宽／窄／斜／圆／耸肩膀
a bare/broad/muscular/small/large chest赤裸的／宽阔的／肌肉发达的胸膛；小胸；大胸
a flat/swollen/bulging stomach扁平的／鼓胀的／鼓起的肚子
a small/tiny/narrow/slim/slender/28-inch waist纤细的／28英寸的腰
big/wide/narrow/slim hips大的／宽的／窄小的／苗条的臀部
a straight/bent/arched/broad/hairy back直的／弯曲的／弓着的／宽大的／多毛的背部
thin/slender/muscular arms瘦削的／细长的／肌肉发达的臂膀
big/large/small/manicured/calloused/gloved hands大的／小的／修剪整齐的／有老茧的／戴着手套的手
long/short/fat/slender/delicate/bony fingers长的／短的／粗的／细长的／纤细的／瘦削的手指
long/muscular/hairy/shapely/(both informal, often disapproving) skinny/spindly legs
muscular/chubby/(informal, disapproving) flabby thighs肌肉发达的／胖乎乎的／肥胖的大腿
big/little/small/dainty/wide/narrow/bare feet大的／小的／娇小可爱的／宽的／窄的／光着的脚
a good/a slim/a slender/an hourglass figure好的／修长的／苗条的／沙漏形身材
be of slim/medium/average/large/athletic/stocky build有着苗条的／中等的／普通的／大块头的／健壮的／矮壮的身材

He hunched his shoulders against the cold wind.他耸起肩膀抵御寒风。
Her shoulders lifted in a vague shrug.她微微耸了耸肩。
His broad shoulders heaved with sobs.他宽阔的肩膀因啜泣而上下起伏。
His frozen shoulder has stopped him from playing tennis.冷冻肩使他没法打网球了。
In an aggressive situation, we stand tall and square our shoulders.进攻的时候，要站直身子，挺直肩膀。
Inhale, drop your shoulders and raise your chest.吸气，肩膀放松，挺胸。
Keep the feet shoulder width apart.双脚保持与肩同宽。
My shoulders dropped with relief.我松了口气，绷紧的肩膀也放松下来。
Roll your shoulders forward and take a deep breath.肩膀朝前转动，深呼吸。
She was crouched with her head forward and her shoulders bent.她低头弓背蹲着。
The child sat on her father's shoulders to watch the parade go by.孩子骑在她爸爸肩上观看游行队伍经过。

Topics Bodya2

Collocations Dictionaryadjective

broad
huge
muscled
…

verb + shoulders

shrug
hunch
drop
…

shoulders + verb

be bent
be bowed
be stooped
…

preposition

on somebody’s shoulders

-shouldered肩膀…

(in adjectives构成形容词) having the type of shoulders mentioned…肩膀的

broad-shouldered宽肩的

clothing衣服

[countable] the part of a piece of clothing that covers the shoulder（衣服的）肩部

a jacket with padded shoulders带垫肩的夹克
There was snow on the shoulders of his heavy black coat.他黑色厚外套的肩部有雪。

Topics Clothes and Fashiona2

meat肉

[uncountable, countable] shoulder (of something) meat from the top part of one of the front legs of an animal that has four legs前腿连肩肉Topics Foodb1

of mountain/bottle, etc.山、瓶子等

[countable] shoulder (of something) a part of something, such as a bottle or mountain, that is like a shoulder in shape山肩；瓶肩

The village lay just around the shoulder of the hill.村子恰好坐落在山肩处。

Topics Geographyc2

side of road公路边

[countable] (North American English) an area of ground at the side of a road where vehicles can stop in an emergency路肩（公路两侧供车辆紧急停靠的地带）

No shoulder for next 5 miles (= on a notice).前方 5 英里之内没有路肩。

see also hard shoulder, soft shoulderTopics Transport by car or lorryc2

词源Old English sculdor, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch schouder and German Schulter.

Idioms

be/stand head and shoulders above somebody/something

to be much better than other people or things比其他人（或事物）好得多；出类拔萃；鹤立鸡群
- His performance stood head and shoulders above the rest.他的表演远远超过其他人。

be looking over your shoulder

to be anxious and have the feeling that somebody is going to do something unpleasant or harmful to you惴惴不安；小心提防

give somebody the cold shoulder

(informal) to treat somebody in a way that is not friendly冷漠对待；使受到冷遇 see also cold-shoulder

have a chip on your shoulder (about something)

(informal) to be sensitive about something that happened in the past and become easily offended if it is mentioned because you think that you were treated unfairly（因受过委屈而变得）敏感，好生气
- He has a real chip on his shoulder about being adopted.他对被收养一事非常不满。

have a good head on your shoulders

to be a sensible person头脑清醒；理智

(have) an old head on young shoulders

used to describe a young person who acts in a more sensible way than you would expect for a person of their age年轻老练；少年老成

on somebody’s shoulders

if blame, guilt, etc. is on somebody’s shoulders, they must take responsibility for it由某人承担
- Stop trying to put the blame on somebody else’s shoulders.别想把责任推到别人身上。

put your shoulder to the wheel

to start working very hard at a particular task着手大干起来；全力以赴
- Everyone is going to have to put their shoulder to the wheel.每个人都必须全力以赴。

rub shoulders with somebody

(North American English also rub elbows with somebody)

to meet and spend time with a famous person, socially or as part of your job与某名人接触（或交往）
- He’s rubbing shoulders with stars all the time.他一直在和明星们交往。
- She had been rubbing elbows with celebrities.她一直与名人交往。

a shoulder to cry on

used to describe a person who listens to your problems and gives you sympathy倾诉的对象
- He was a fatherly shoulder to cry on when things went wrong.当出现问题时，他是一个像父亲一样可以倾诉的人。

shoulder to shoulder (with somebody)

physically close to somebody肩并肩地；紧挨着
- The large crowd stood shoulder to shoulder in the stands.一大群人肩并肩站在看台上。
- The route of the procession was lined with police officers standing shoulder to shoulder.游行所经道路两边都是肩并肩站立的警察。
as one group that has the same aims, opinions, etc.并肩；齐心协力Topics Opinion and argumentc2

straight from the shoulder

if you say something straight from the shoulder, you are being very honest and direct, even if what you are saying is critical坦诚；直言不讳

shoulder

verb

/ˈʃəʊldə(r)/

/ˈʃəʊldər/

动词形式

present simple I / you / we / they shoulder	/ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ /ˈʃəʊldər/
he / she / it shoulders	/ˈʃəʊldəz/ /ˈʃəʊldərz/
past simple shouldered	/ˈʃəʊldəd/ /ˈʃəʊldərd/
past participle shouldered	/ˈʃəʊldəd/ /ˈʃəʊldərd/
-ing form shouldering	/ˈʃəʊldərɪŋ/ /ˈʃəʊldərɪŋ/

accept responsibility承担责任

[transitive] shoulder something to accept the responsibility for something承担；担负

to shoulder the responsibility/blame for something对某事承担责任／过失
women who shoulder the double burden of childcare and full-time work既抚养孩子又做全职工作、承担着双重负担的妇女

He was unwilling to shoulder this responsibility alone.他不愿意独自担负这个责任。
I think everyone has got to shoulder the responsibility for this defeat.我认为每个人都要为这次失败承担责任。

Collocations Dictionaryverb + shoulder

have to
must
be willing to
…

push with shoulder用肩推

[transitive, intransitive] to push forward with your shoulder in order to get somewhere挤；闯

shoulder your way + adv./prep. He shouldered his way through the crowd and went after her.他侧身从人群中挤了过去，跟在她后面。
+ adv./prep. She shouldered past a woman with a screaming baby.她从一个怀抱啼哭婴儿的女人身边挤了过去。

Collocations Dictionaryadverb

roughly
aside
out of the way
…

phrases

shoulder your way past somebody/something
shoulder your way through something

[transitive] shoulder somebody/something + adv./prep. to push somebody/something out of your way with your shoulder（用肩膀）推开，顶开

He shouldered the man aside.他一膀子把那男人撞到了一旁。

We were shouldered roughly out of the way.我们被人用肩粗暴地挤到了一边。
She made her way to the door, shouldering the other kids out of the way.她走到门口，用肩膀把其他孩子推开。

Collocations Dictionaryadverb

roughly
aside
out of the way
…

phrases

shoulder your way past somebody/something
shoulder your way through something

carry on shoulder肩负

[transitive] shoulder something to carry something on your shoulder背；扛；挑；担

She shouldered her bag and set off home.她扛起包朝家走去。
to shoulder arms (= to hold a weapon, rifle, etc. against your shoulder while you are not using it)持枪。不用时靠在肩膀上)

词源Old English sculdor, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch schouder and German Schulter.