sprain

verb

/spreɪn/

动词形式

present simple I / you / we / they sprain	/spreɪn/ /spreɪn/
he / she / it sprains	/spreɪnz/ /spreɪnz/
past simple sprained	/spreɪnd/ /spreɪnd/
past participle sprained	/spreɪnd/ /spreɪnd/
-ing form spraining	/ˈspreɪnɪŋ/ /ˈspreɪnɪŋ/

sprain something to injure a joint in your body, especially your wrist or ankle, by suddenly twisting it扭伤（关节）
- I stumbled and sprained my ankle.我摔了一跤，把脚脖子扭了。
Collocations Injuries
Injuries身体损伤Being injured受伤
- have a fall/an injury跌了一跤；受伤
- receive/suffer/sustain a serious injury/a hairline fracture/(especially British English) whiplash/a gunshot wound受重伤／轻微骨裂／鞭伤／枪伤
- hurt/injure your ankle/back/leg伤到脚踝／背／大腿
- damage the brain/an ankle ligament/your liver/the optic nerve/the skin损伤大脑／脚踝韧带／肝脏／视神经／皮肤
- pull/strain/tear a hamstring/ligament/muscle/tendon拉伤腘绳肌腱／韧带／肌肉／肌腱
- sprain/twist your ankle/wrist扭伤脚踝／手腕
- break a bone/your collarbone/your leg/three ribs骨折；锁骨／大腿／三根肋骨骨折
- fracture/crack your skull头盖骨破裂
- break/chip/knock out/lose a tooth碰断了一颗牙；使牙齿崩缺了一块；磕掉／掉了一颗牙
- burst/perforate your eardrum使耳膜破裂；鼓膜穿孔
- dislocate your finger/hip/jaw/shoulder使手指／臀部／下巴／肩膀脱臼
- bruise/cut/graze your arm/knee/shoulder擦伤／割破／擦破手臂／膝盖／肩膀
- burn/scald yourself/your tongue烧伤／烫伤自己／舌头
- bang/bump/hit/ (informal) bash your elbow/head/knee (on/against something)（在某物上）撞到肘部／头／膝盖
Treating injuries治疗伤病
- treat somebody for burns/a head injury/a stab wound给某人治疗烧伤／头部伤／刺伤
- examine/clean/dress/bandage/treat a bullet wound检查／清洗／包扎／用绷带包扎／治疗枪伤
- repair a damaged/torn ligament/tendon/cartilage修复损伤的／拉伤的韧带／肌腱／软骨
- amputate/cut off an arm/a finger/a foot/a leg/a limb截去一只胳膊／一根手指／一只脚／一条腿；截肢
- put on/ (formal) apply/take off (especially North American English) a Band-Aid™/(British English) a plaster/a bandage贴上／使用／撕掉创可贴；缠上／使用／解掉绷带
- need/require/put in/ (especially British English) have (out)/ (North American English) get (out) stitches需要缝针；缝针；拆线
- put on/rub on/ (formal) apply cream/ointment/lotion涂抹护肤霜／药膏／护肤液
- have/receive/undergo (British English) physiotherapy/(North American English) physical therapy接受物理疗法
Synonyms injure
injure
- wound
- hurt
- bruise
- sprain
- pull
- strain
These words all mean to harm yourself or somebody else physically, especially in an accident.
- injure to harm yourself or somebody else physically, especially in an accident:
  He injured his knee playing hockey.他打曲棍球时膝盖受了伤。
  Three people were injured in the crash.撞车事故中有三人受伤。
- wound [often passive] (rather formal) to injure part of the body, especially by making a hole in the skin using a weapon:
  50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.这次攻击中有 50 人受重伤。
  Wound is often used to talk about people being hurt in war or in other attacks that affect a lot of people.
- hurt to cause physical pain to somebody/yourself; to injure somebody/yourself:
  Did you hurt yourself?你伤着自己了吗？
injure or hurt?用 injure 还是 hurt？You can hurt or injure a part of the body in an accident. Hurt emphasizes the physical pain caused; injure emphasizes that the part of the body has been damaged in some way.
- bruise to make a blue, brown or purple mark (= a bruise) appear on the skin after somebody has fallen or been hit; to develop a bruise
- sprain to injure part of your body, especially your ankle, wrist or knee, by suddenly twisting it, causing pain and swelling
- pull to damage a muscle, etc, by using too much force指拉伤、扭伤（肌肉等）
- strain to injure yourself or part of your body by making it work too hard:
  Don’t strain your eyes by reading in poor light.别在光线不足的地方看书把眼睛给伤了。
Patterns
- to injure/hurt/strain yourself
- to injure/hurt/sprain/pull/strain a muscle
- to injure/hurt/sprain your ankle/foot/knee/wrist/hand
- to injure/hurt/strain your back/shoulder/eyes
- to injure/hurt your spine/neck
- to be badly/severely/slightly injured/wounded/hurt/bruised/sprained
Topics Illnessb2
Collocations Dictionary
Sprain is used with these nouns as the object:
ankle
knee
ligament
…
词源early 17th cent.: of unknown origin.