study

noun

OPAL WOPAL S

/ˈstʌdi/

(plural studies)

Idioms

activity of learning学习

[uncountable] the activity of learning or gaining knowledge, either from books or by examining things in the world学习；研究

a room set aside for private study单留出来的书房
academic/literary/scientific study学术/文学/科学研究
It is important to develop good study skills.培养良好的学习方法很重要。
Physiology is the study of how living things work.生理学是研究生物机能的学科。

academic subject学科

studies

[uncountable + singular or plural verb] used in the names of some academic subjects（用于某些学科名称）

business/media/American studies商学；传媒学；美国研究

He lectures in management studies.他教授管理学。
She's doing women's studies at Liverpool University.她在利物浦大学从事女性研究。
the university's cultural studies course这所大学的文化研究课程

Collocations Dictionaryadjective

area
business
cultural
…

verb + studies

do
lecture in
teach
…

studies + noun

department
course
programme/program
…

research

[countable] a piece of research that examines a subject or question in detail（专题）研究，调查

to conduct/undertake a study进行研究
Research studies carried out in Italy confirmed the theory.在意大利进行的调查研究证实了这个理论。
study on something He has recently done a study on the effects of traffic and aircraft noise.他最近做了一项关于交通和飞机噪音影响的研究。
study of something a detailed study of how animals adapt to their environment关于动物如何适应环境的细致研究
scientific studies of fishing grounds and methods of fishing渔场和捕鱼方法的科学研究
This study shows/finds/suggests that…这项研究表明/发现/表明…
the purpose/aim of a study研究的目的/目的
the results/findings of a study研究的结果/发现
in a study the methods used in the present study本研究中使用的方法
in previous/earlier studies在以前的研究中
according to a study According to a recent study published in the Journal of Sleep Research… 根据最近发表在睡眠研究杂志上的一项研究…

Wordfinder

analysis
evaluate
evidence
experiment
hypothesis
laboratory
research
result
science
study

Collocations Scientific researchScientific research科学研究Theory理论

formulate/advance a theory/hypothesis创立理论；提出假设
build/construct/create/develop a simple/theoretical/mathematical model创立一个简单／理论／数学模型
develop/establish/provide/use a theoretical/conceptual framework创立／建立／提供／使用理论／概念框架
advance/argue/develop the thesis that…提出／论证／详尽阐述…的论题
explore an idea/a concept/a hypothesis探讨一个想法／概念／假设
make a prediction/an inference预测；推断
base a prediction/your calculations on something基于…做出预测／估算
investigate/evaluate/accept/challenge/reject a theory/hypothesis/model研究／评估／接受／质疑／拒绝接受一个理论／假设／模型

Experiment实验

design an experiment/a questionnaire/a study/a test设计一项实验／问卷／研究／测试
do research/an experiment/an analysis做研究／实验／分析
make observations/measurements/calculations观察；测量；计算
carry out/conduct/perform an experiment/a test/a longitudinal study/observations/clinical trials进行实验／测试／纵向研究／观察／临床试验
run an experiment/a simulation/clinical trials进行实验／模拟／临床试验
repeat an experiment/a test/an analysis重做实验／测试／分析
replicate a study/the results/the findings做相同的研究；得出同样的结果／调查结果
observe/study/examine/investigate/assess a pattern/a process/a behaviour
fund/support the research/project/study资助／支持研究／项目／专题研究
seek/provide/get/secure funding for research寻求／提供／得到／争取到研究资金

Results结果

collect/gather/extract data/information收集／提取数据／信息
yield data/evidence/similar findings/the same results得到数据／证据／类似调查结果／相同结果
analyse/examine the data/soil samples/a specimen分析／考查数据／土壤样本／样本
consider/compare/interpret the results/findings思考／比较／解释结果／调查结果
fit the data/model与数据／模型相符合
confirm/support/verify a prediction/a hypothesis/the results/the findings证实／支持／核实预测／假设／结果／调查结果
prove a conjecture/hypothesis/theorem证明猜测／假设／定理
draw/make/reach the same conclusions得出同样的结论
read/review the records/literature阅读／评论记录／文献
describe/report an experiment/a study描述／报告一项实验／研究
present/publish/summarize the results/findings提交／公布／总结结果／调查结果
present/publish/read/review/cite a paper in a scientific journal向科学杂志提交一篇论文；在科学杂志发表一篇论文；阅读／评论／引用科学杂志上的一篇论文

see also case study, time-and-motion study

A new study shows that fewer students are studying science.一项新的研究显示，学理科的学生减少了。
A preliminary study suggested that the product would be popular.初步的调研显示该产品将会受欢迎。
An independent study was commissioned by the department.一项独立研究由该部门委托进行。
He has made a special study of the way that birds communicate with one another.他就鸟类之间的沟通进行了专门研究。
In a recent study, 40% of schools were found to be understaffed.最近一项研究发现，40% 的学校师资不足。
The company undertook an extensive feasibility study before adopting the new system.采用新系统之前，该公司进行了广泛的可行性研究。
The present study reveals an unacceptable level of air pollution in the city centre.目前的研究表明市中心的空气污染已到了不可接受的地步。
The study aims to examine bias in television news coverage.这项研究旨在调查电视新闻报道中的偏向。
The study compares the incidence of bone cancer in men and women.该研究比较了男性和女性骨癌的患病率。
The study group was selected from a broad cross section of the population.研究小组是从社会各界挑选出来的。
The study highlighted three problem areas.该研究强调了 3 个问题领域。
The study provided valuable insight into the development of the disease.该研究对这种疾病的发病过程提出了有价值的见解。
The ten-year study covered 13 000 people aged 15-25.这项长达 10 年的研究涵盖了 1.3 万名 15 至 25 岁的人。
This phenomenon has been observed in both laboratory and field studies.在实验室和实地研究中均观察到该现象。
A comparative study was carried out into the environmental costs of different energy sources.对不同能源的环境成本进行了一项比较研究。
They undertook a study of a sample of 992 first year students in 13 secondary schools.他们对13所中学的992名一年级学生进行了抽样调查。
Most previous studies have focused on the elderly.以往的研究大多集中在老年人身上。
Clinical studies show that adding calcium to your diet can help people lose weight.临床研究表明，在饮食中添加钙可以帮助人们减肥。
Animal studies have linked the chemical to certain cancers.动物研究已经将这种化学物质与某些癌症联系起来。
According to the study, respondents preferred the strawberry-flavoured drink.根据这项研究，受访者更喜欢草莓口味的饮料。
Studies conducted in Iowa have produced similar results.在爱荷华州进行的研究也产生了类似的结果。
In a study of 400 patients, half of those given the medication saw the number of their headaches halved.在一项对400名患者的研究中，一半接受药物治疗的患者的头痛次数减半。
Study participants developed no major side effects.研究参与者没有出现重大副作用。

Topics Scientific researchb1

Collocations Dictionaryadjective

current
new
present
…

verb + study

commission
fund
support
…

study + verb

take place
aim at something
aim to do something
…

study + noun

group
session

preposition

according to a/the study
in a/the study
under study
…

phrases

an area of study
a field of study
the author of a/the study
…

[countable] an academic book or article on a particular topic研究：有关特定主题的学术书籍或文章

a study of Jane Austen's novels简 • 奥斯丁小说的研究专著
Shakespeare is the subject of a new study by Anthony Bryan.莎士比亚是安东尼·布莱恩一项新研究的对象。

[uncountable] the act of considering or examining something in detail细致考虑；仔细检查；审视

These proposals deserve careful study.这些建议值得认真研究。
under study the biochemical process under study研究中的生化过程

room房间

[countable] a room, especially in somebody’s home, used for reading and writing书房

She crossed the hallway and opened the door to her private study.她穿过门厅，打开了通往她私人书房的门。

Topics Houses and homesb1

art绘画

[countable] a drawing or painting of something, especially one done for practice or before doing a larger picture习作；试作；试画

a study of Chartres Cathedral沙特尔大教堂试画
a nude study裸体画习作

Topics Artc2

character性质

[countable] the act of showing or describing somebody/something in literature or another art form, especially a character or an aspect of behaviour细致考虑；仔细检查；审视

The novel is a character study of a city and its people.这部小说是对一个城市及其人民的性格研究。

music音乐

(also étude)

[countable] a piece of music designed to give a player practice in technical skills练习曲Topics Musicc2

perfect example典型

[singular] study (in something) (formal) a perfect example of something典型；范例

His face was a study in concentration.他脸上完全是一副全神贯注的表情。

词源Middle English: shortening of Old French estudie (noun), estudier (verb), both based on Latin studium ‘zeal, painstaking application’.

Idioms

in a brown study

(old-fashioned, British English) thinking deeply so that you do not notice what is happening around you出神；沉思默想（以致没注意到周围情况）

study

verb

OPAL WOPAL S

/ˈstʌdi/

动词形式

present simple I / you / we / they study	/ˈstʌdi/ /ˈstʌdi/
he / she / it studies	/ˈstʌdiz/ /ˈstʌdiz/
past simple studied	/ˈstʌdid/ /ˈstʌdid/
past participle studied	/ˈstʌdid/ /ˈstʌdid/
-ing form studying	/ˈstʌdiɪŋ/ /ˈstʌdiɪŋ/

learn学习

[transitive, intransitive] to spend time learning about a subject by reading, going to college, etc.学习；攻读

He sat up very late that night, studying.那天晚上他学习到深夜。
study something How long have you been studying English?你学英语多久了？
study for something Don't disturb Jane, she's studying for her exams.不要打扰简，她正在温习功课，准备考试呢。
study something at… My brother studied photography at the Royal College of Art.我哥哥在皇家艺术学院学习摄影。
study at… She studied at New College, .她在牛津大学新学院学习。
study something under somebody a composer who studied music under Nadia Boulanger (= was taught music by Nadia Boulanger)在纳迪亚·布朗热手下学习音乐的作曲家
study under somebody He studied under Wagner in Vienna.他在维也纳师从瓦格纳。
study to do/be something Nina is studying to be an architect.尼娜在学建筑。
He is studying to teach children with special needs.他正在学习教有特殊需要的孩子。

Collocations EducationEducation教育Learning学习

acquire/get/lack (an) education/training/(British English) (some) qualifications获得／缺少教育／培训／资格
receive/provide somebody with training/tuition得到／给某人提供培训／指导
develop/design/plan a curriculum/(especially British English) course/(North American English) program/syllabus制订课程方案／教学大纲
give/go to/attend a class/lesson/lecture/seminar讲课；上课；举办／参加／出席研讨会
hold/run/conduct a class/seminar/workshop办班；举办研讨会／讲习班
sign up for/take a course/classes/lessons报名参加／修读课程

School学校

go to/start preschool/kindergarten/nursery school上学前班／幼儿园／托儿所
be in the first, second, etc. (North American English) grade/(especially British English) year (at school)在读一年级、二年级等
study/take/drop history/chemistry/German, etc.修读／放弃修历史课／化学课／德语课等
(British English) leave/finish/drop out of/ (North American English) quit school
(North American English) graduate high school/college

Problems at school在学校遇到的问题

be the victim/target of bullying成为被欺负的受害者／对象
(British English) play truant from/ (both British English, informal) bunk off/skive off school (= not go to school when you should)
(both especially North American English) skip/cut class/school
(British English) cheat in/(North American English) cheat on an exam/a test
get/be given a detention (for doing something)（因做了某事）被罚放学后留校
be expelled from/be suspended from school被学校开除／暂时停学

Work and exams功课和考试

do your homework/(British English) revision/a project on something做家庭作业；复习功课；对…做专题研究
work on/write/do/submit an essay/a dissertation/a thesis/an assignment/(North American English) a paper写／提交文章／学位论文／毕业论文／作业／论文
finish/complete your dissertation/thesis/studies/coursework完成学位论文／毕业论文／学业／课程作业
hand in/ (North American English) turn in your homework/essay/assignment/paper提交家庭作业／文章／作业／论文
study/prepare/ (British English) revise/ (North American English) review/ (North American English, informal) cram for a test/an exam为应考而学习／准备／复习／临时死记硬背
take/ (both British English) do/sit a test/an exam参加考试
(especially British English) mark/ (especially North American English) grade homework/a test
(British English) do well in/ (North American English) do well on/ (informal, especially North American English) ace a test/an exam
pass/fail/ (informal, especially North American English) flunk a test/an exam/a class/a course/a subject测验／考试／课程／学科及格／不及格

University大学

apply to/get into/go to/start college/(British English) university申请／上／开始上大学
leave/graduate from law school/college/(British English) university (with a degree in computer science)离开／毕业于法学院；离开大学；大学毕业（取得计算机科学的学位）
study for/take/ (British English) do/complete a law degree/a degree in physics攻读／读完法学学位／物理学位课程
(both North American English) major/minor in biology/philosophy主修／辅修生物学／哲学
earn/receive/be awarded/get/have/hold a master’s degree/a bachelor’s degree/a PhD in economics获得／被授予／拿到／拥有经济学硕士学位／学士学位／博士学位

I have two tests tomorrow, and I've barely had time to study.明天我要参加两个测验，可我几乎没有时间复习功课。
She's studying hard at the moment.她现在正在努力学习。
There's nowhere for the students to study quietly.学生们没有地方安静地学习。
In the third year a number of areas are studied in detail.第三年要就若干领域深入研习。
Did you ever study any sciences?你是否曾学习过自然科学？
I had a place to study engineering at Leeds.我在利兹有一个学习工程学的地方。
They are always on social media when they should be studying.他们应该学习的时候总是在社交媒体上。
She has been studying and working in Holland for the past four years.在过去的四年里，她一直在荷兰学习和工作。
The faculty offers students the opportunity to study dance.教员给学生提供学习舞蹈的机会。
He began studying for a law degree.他开始攻读法律学位。

Topics Educationa1

Collocations Dictionaryadverb

hard
abroad

preposition

at
for
under
…

examine carefully认真检查

[transitive] to watch or to look at somebody/something carefully in order to find out something审视；端详；细看

study something for something Scientists are studying photographs of the planet for signs of life.科学家仔细察看行星照片，看有无生命迹象。
study something He studied her face thoughtfully.他一边端详她的脸，一边沉思。
Fran was studying the menu.弗兰在仔细地看菜单。
She picked up the letter and studied it carefully.她拿起信仔细看起来。

Topics Scientific researchb1

Collocations Dictionaryadverb

carefully
closely
in depth
…

phrases

be well studied

[transitive] to examine something carefully in order to understand it研究；调查

study something We will study the report carefully before making a decision.我们将认真研究这份报告，然后再作决定。
study how, what, etc… The group will study how the region coped with the loss of thousands of jobs.该小组将考察这一地区是如何应对减少几千个工作岗位的局面的。
They are studying what happens to people who unexpectedly win a lot of money.他们正在研究那些意外赢了很多钱的人会怎么样。

Synonyms examineexamine

analyse
review
study
discuss

These words all mean to think about, study or describe somebody/something carefully, especially in order to understand them, form an opinion of them or make a decision about them.

examine
to think about, study or describe an idea, subject or piece of work very carefully:
- These ideas will be examined in more detail in Chapter 10.这些观点将在第 10 章作更为详细的探讨。
analyse/analyze
to examine the nature or structure of something, especially by separating it into its parts, in order to understand or explain it:
- The job involves gathering and analysing data.这项工作包括收集和分析资料。
- He tried to analyse his feelings.他试图分析自己的感情。
review
to examine something again, especially so that you can decide if it is necessary to make changes:
- The government will review the situation later in the year.政府将在今年晚些时候重新检讨形势。
study
to examine somebody/something in order to understand them or it:
- We will study the report carefully before making a decision.我们将认真研究这份报告，然后再作决定。

examine or study?用 examine 还是 study？You examine something in order to understand it or to help other people understand it, for example by describing it in a book; you study something in order to understand it yourself.

discuss
to write or talk about something in detail, showing the different ideas and opinions about it:
- This topic will be discussed at greater length in the next chapter.这个主题将在下一章里详细论述。

Patterns

to examine/analyse/review/study/discuss what/how/whether…
to examine/analyse/review/study/discuss the situation/evidence
to examine/analyse/review/study/discuss something carefully/critically/systematically/briefly

The influence of heredity is best studied in genetically identical twins.对遗传影响的研究在基因相同的双胞胎身上最易进行。
This area has not been well studied.对这个领域的研究不多。
She is studying the effects global warming could have on annual snowmelt.她正在研究全球变暖对每年融雪的影响。
He's been studying hedgehogs for many years.他研究刺猬已经很多年了。
The early modern world has not been extensively studied outside Europe.早期的现代世界在欧洲之外没有得到广泛的研究。
Researchers are studying the behaviour of sharks.研究人员正在研究鲨鱼的行为。

Collocations Dictionaryadverb

carefully
closely
in depth
…

phrases

be well studied

词源Middle English: shortening of Old French estudie (noun), estudier (verb), both based on Latin studium ‘zeal, painstaking application’.