the English Civil War
/ði ˌɪŋɡlɪʃ ˌsɪvl ˈwɔː(r)/
/ði ˌɪŋɡlɪʃ ˌsɪvl ˈwɔːr/
- a war (1642-51) between the King of England, Charles I, and his parliament. Its causes were both political and religious. It divided the people of England and caused great suffering. Charles I's soldiers (the Cavaliers) were defeated by those of Parliament (the Roundheads) at the battles of Marston Moor (1644) and Naseby (1645). The Roundhead soldiers were very well organized, in the New Model Army, under Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell. Charles I was held prisoner for more than two years, and was then executed, in January 1649. The Commonwealth was declared and Oliver Cromwell ruled as 'Protector'. The Commonwealth did not last long after Cromwell's death, however, and in 1660 Charles's son took his place as King Charles II at the Restoration.
英国内战：英格兰国王查理一世与其国会之间的战争（1642-51）。其原因既有政治原因，也有宗教原因。它分裂了英格兰人民，并造成了巨大的痛苦。查尔斯一世的士兵（骑士）在马斯顿·摩尔（1644）和纳斯比（1645）的战斗中被议会议员（圆头）击败。圆头战士在托马斯·费尔法克斯和奥利弗·克伦威尔领导下的新模式军中组织得很好。查理一世被囚禁了两年多，然后于1649年1月被处决。英联邦宣告成立，奥利弗·克伦威尔被裁为“保护者”。然而，克伦威尔去世后，英联邦并没有持续很长时间，在1660年，查尔斯的儿子取代了查理二世，成为国王。