the Napoleonic Wars
/ðə nəˌpəʊliɒnɪk ˈwɔːz/
/ðə nəˌpəʊliɑːnɪk ˈwɔːrz/
- a conflict (1802-15) in which the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte tried to gain control of the whole of Europe. He had great success against all his enemies except Britain, whose navy under Nelson defeated the French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar (1805), and whose army fought the Peninsular War against him from 1808 to 1814, making him weaker in his other campaigns. In 1812 Napoleon lost half a million men when he invaded Russia in winter, and in 1814 the British, Russians, Prussians and Austrians entered Paris. They sent Napoleon to rule the island of Elba in the Mediterranean, but he collected an army around him and returned to Paris. He was soon defeated again, at the Battle of Waterloo (1815), and was sent to the island of St Helena in the south Atlantic, where he died in 1821.
拿破仑战争：一场冲突（1802-15），法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴试图控制整个欧洲。他在除英国以外的所有敌人身上都取得了巨大的成功，英国在纳尔逊（Nelson）领导下的海军在特拉法加战役（1805）中击败了法国海军，并且他的军队从1808年到1814年与他进行半岛战争，使他在其他战役中处于劣势。拿破仑在冬季入侵俄罗斯时，在1812年失去了五十万人，而在1814年，英国人，俄国人，普鲁士人和奥地利人进入了巴黎。他们派出拿破仑统治地中海的厄尔巴岛，但他在他周围召集了一支军队，返回巴黎。他很快在滑铁卢战役（1815）中再次被击败，并被送往南大西洋的圣赫勒拿岛，在那里他于1821年去世。