tribulation
noun /ˌtrɪbjuˈleɪʃn/
/ˌtrɪbjuˈleɪʃn/
[countable, uncountable] (literary or humorous)- great trouble, difficulty or mental pain
忧患；苦难；磨难；痛苦 - the tribulations of modern life
现代生活的苦恼 - the trials and tribulations of running a business
经营企业的考验和磨炼
词源Middle English: via Old French from ecclesiastical Latin tribulatio(n-), from Latin tribulare ‘press, oppress’, from tribulum ‘threshing board (constructed of sharp points)’, based on terere ‘rub’. - the tribulations of modern life