without
preposition /wɪˈðaʊt/
/wɪˈðaʊt/
- not having, experiencing or showing something
没有；缺乏 - They had gone two days without food.
他们两天没吃东西了。 - He found the place without difficulty.
他毫不费力地找到了那地方。 - She spoke without much enthusiasm.
她说话冷冰冰的。
- They had gone two days without food.
- not in the company of somebody
不和…在一起；无…相伴 - Don't go without me.
别甩下我就走。
- Don't go without me.
- not using or taking something
不用；不拿；不带 - Can you see without your glasses?
你不戴眼镜能看见吗？ - Don't go out without your coat.
别不穿大衣就出去。
- Can you see without your glasses?
- not doing the action mentioned
不（做某事）；无；没 - without doing something He left without saying goodbye.
他不辞而别。 - You can't make an omelette without breaking eggs.
你不可能不打破鸡蛋就做成煎蛋卷。 - Without wanting to criticize, I think you could have done better. (= used before you make a critical comment)
我不是想要批评谁，只是认为你本可以做得更好一些。 - without somebody doing something The party was organized without her knowing anything about it.
聚会已操办妥当，她却一无所知。
- without doing something He left without saying goodbye.
词源Old English withūtan ‘on the outside’.