by

preposition

/baɪ/

Idioms

used for showing how or in what way something is done（表示方式）
- The house is heated by gas.这房子是煤气供暖的。
- May I pay by credit card?我能用信用卡付款吗？
- I will contact you by letter.我会给你写信联系的。
- to travel by boat/bus/car/plane乘船／公共汽车／轿车／飞机
- to travel by air/land/sea坐飞机；经陆路／海路
- Switch it on by pressing this button.按下这个开关启动它。
near somebody/something; at the side of somebody/something; next to somebody/something靠近；在…旁边
- a house by the river河边的一所房子
- The telephone is by the window.电话在窗户旁边。
- Come and sit by me.过来挨着我坐。
used, usually after a passive verb, to show who or what does, creates or causes something（常置于表示被动的动词后，表示施事者）
- He was knocked down by a bus.他被公共汽车撞倒了。
- a play by Ibsen易卜生写的剧本
- Who's that book by?谁是那本书的作者？
- I was frightened by the noise.我被那响声吓坏了。
Homophones buy | by | bye
buy by bye
/baɪ/

/baɪ/
- buy verb
  Some people buy all their groceries online.有些人在网上购买所有的杂货。
- by preposition
  I think he was motivated by his mother.我觉得他是受了他妈妈的激励。
- by adverb
  Don't let the opportunity pass you by.别让机会从你身边溜走。
- bye exclamation
  Bye! See you later.回头见。
not later than the time mentioned; before不迟于；在…之前
- Can you finish the work by five o'clock?你五点钟前能完成工作吗？
- I'll have it done by tomorrow.我明天之前让人把它弄好。
- By this time next week we'll be in New York.下星期的这个时候我们将在纽约。
- He ought to have arrived by now/by this time.他现在应该已经到了。
- By the time (that) this letter reaches you I will have left the country.你收到这封信时，我已离开这个国家了。
used before particular nouns without the, to say that something happens as a result of something（置于不带 the 的名词前，表示原因）由于
- They met by chance.他们不期而遇。
- I did it by mistake.我误做了这事。
- The coroner's verdict was ‘death by misadventure’.验尸官判定是 “意外致死”。
used to show the degree or amount of something（表示程度、数量）
- The bullet missed him by two inches.子弹只差两英寸就击中他了。
- House prices went up by 10%.房价上涨了 10%。
- It would be better by far (= much better) to…那比…好得多。
during something; in a particular situation在…期间；处于某种状况
- to travel by day/night白天／夜间旅行
- We had to work by candlelight.我们不得不借助烛光工作。
from what something shows or says; according to something从…看；依；按照
- By my watch it is two o'clock.我的表是两点钟。
- I could tell by the look on her face that something terrible had happened.从她的脸色我可以看出，发生了可怕的事情。
- By law, you are a child until you are 18.按照法律规定，18 岁之前是未成年人。
past somebody/something经过
- He walked by me without speaking.他一言不发地从我身边走过。
used to show the part of somebody/something that somebody touches, holds, etc.（表示触及或抓住的人或物的部分）
- I took him by the hand.我拉着他的手。
- She seized her by the hair.她揪住她的头发。
- Pick it up by the handle!抓着手柄把它提起来！
used with the to show the period or quantity used for buying, selling or measuring something（与 the 连用，表示时间或量度单位）
- We rented the car by the day.我们按日租用汽车。
- They're paid by the hour.他们的报酬是按小时计算的。
- We only sell it by the metre.我们只按米出售。
used to state the rate at which something happens（表示速率）
- They're improving day by day.他们在一天天地改进。
- We'll do it bit by bit.我们会一点一点地做。
- It was getting worse by the minute (= very fast).情况急速恶化。
- The children came in two by two (= in groups of two).孩子们一对一对地走了进来。
used to show the measurements of something（表示尺寸时用）
- The room measures fifteen feet by twenty feet.房间 15 英尺宽 20 英尺长。
used when multiplying or dividing（用于乘除运算）
- 6 multiplied by 2 equals 12.6 乘以 2 等于 12。
- 6 divided by 2 equals 3.6 除以 2 等于 3。
used for giving more information about where somebody comes from, what somebody does, etc.（补充有关出生地、职业等的信息）
- He's German by birth.他是德国血统的。
- They're both doctors by profession.他们两人的职业都是医生。
used when swearing to mean ‘in the name of’（起誓时用）以…的名义
- I swear by Almighty God…我以全能上帝之名发誓…

词源Old English bī, bi, be, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch bij and German bei.

Idioms

by the by/bye

(also by the way)

(informal) used to introduce a comment or question that is not directly related to what you have been talking about顺便提一下；捎带说一声；附带问一句

by

adverb

/baɪ/

Idioms

past经过
- Just drive by. Don't stop.直接开过去。别停车。
- He hurried by without speaking to me.他没和我说话就匆匆过去了。
- Excuse me, I can't get by.劳驾，请让开点路。
- Time goes by so quickly.时光飞逝。
Homophones buy | by | bye
buy by bye
/baɪ/

/baɪ/
- buy verb
  Some people buy all their groceries online.有些人在网上购买所有的杂货。
- by preposition
  I think he was motivated by his mother.我觉得他是受了他妈妈的激励。
- by adverb
  Don't let the opportunity pass you by.别让机会从你身边溜走。
- bye exclamation
  Bye! See you later.回头见。
used to say that something is saved so that it can be used in the future（表示保留或保存时用）
- I've put some money by for college fees.我已经存了些钱作大学学费。
in order to visit somebody for a short time短暂拜访
- I'll come by this evening and pick up the books.我今晚过来取书。

词源Old English bī, bi, be, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch bij and German bei.

Idioms

by and by

(old-fashioned) before long; soon不久；很快
- By and by she met an old man with a beard.她不久就碰到了一个大胡子老头。

by and large

used when you are saying something that is generally, but not completely, true大体上；总的来说
- By and large, I enjoyed my time at school.总的说来，我在学校的日子很开心。
Language Bank generally
generallyWays of saying ‘in general’“通常” 的表达方式
- Women generally earn less than men.女人通常比男人挣钱少。
- Generally speaking, jobs traditionally done by women are paid at a lower rate than those traditionally done by men.一般来说，传统上由妇女干的工作比传统上由男人干的工作报酬低。
- In general/By and large, women do not earn as much as men.总的说来，女人不如男人挣钱多。
- Certain jobs, like nursing and cleaning, are still mainly carried out by women.有些工作仍然主要由女性做，比如护理和保洁。
- Senior management posts are predominantly held by men.高层管理职位大多由男性担任。
- Most senior management posts tend to be held by men.大多数高层管理职位通常由男性担任。
- Women are, for the most part, still paid less than men.女人的薪水多半仍比男人低。
- Economic and social factors are, to a large extent, responsible for women being concentrated in low-paid jobs.经济和社会因素在很大程度上导致女性集中于低报酬工作。

词汇	by
释义	by preposition /baɪ/ /baɪ/ Idioms used for showing how or in what way something is done（表示方式） The house is heated by gas.这房子是煤气供暖的。 May I pay by credit card?我能用信用卡付款吗？ I will contact you by letter.我会给你写信联系的。 to travel by boat/bus/car/plane乘船／公共汽车／轿车／飞机 to travel by air/land/sea坐飞机；经陆路／海路 Switch it on by pressing this button.按下这个开关启动它。 near somebody/something; at the side of somebody/something; next to somebody/something靠近；在…旁边 a house by the river河边的一所房子 The telephone is by the window.电话在窗户旁边。 Come and sit by me.过来挨着我坐。 used, usually after a passive verb, to show who or what does, creates or causes something（常置于表示被动的动词后，表示施事者） He was knocked down by a bus.他被公共汽车撞倒了。 a play by Ibsen易卜生写的剧本 Who's that book by?谁是那本书的作者？ I was frightened by the noise.我被那响声吓坏了。 Homophones buy \| by \| byebuy by bye /baɪ/ /baɪ/ buy verb Some people buy all their groceries online.有些人在网上购买所有的杂货。 by preposition I think he was motivated by his mother.我觉得他是受了他妈妈的激励。 by adverb Don't let the opportunity pass you by.别让机会从你身边溜走。 bye exclamation Bye! See you later.回头见。 not later than the time mentioned; before不迟于；在…之前 Can you finish the work by five o'clock?你五点钟前能完成工作吗？ I'll have it done by tomorrow.我明天之前让人把它弄好。 By this time next week we'll be in New York.下星期的这个时候我们将在纽约。 He ought to have arrived by now/by this time.他现在应该已经到了。 By the time (that) this letter reaches you I will have left the country.你收到这封信时，我已离开这个国家了。 used before particular nouns without the, to say that something happens as a result of something（置于不带 the 的名词前，表示原因）由于 They met by chance.他们不期而遇。 I did it by mistake.我误做了这事。 The coroner's verdict was ‘death by misadventure’.验尸官判定是 “意外致死”。 used to show the degree or amount of something（表示程度、数量） The bullet missed him by two inches.子弹只差两英寸就击中他了。 House prices went up by 10%.房价上涨了 10%。 It would be better by far (= much better) to…那比…好得多。 during something; in a particular situation在…期间；处于某种状况 to travel by day/night白天／夜间旅行 We had to work by candlelight.我们不得不借助烛光工作。 from what something shows or says; according to something从…看；依；按照 By my watch it is two o'clock.我的表是两点钟。 I could tell by the look on her face that something terrible had happened.从她的脸色我可以看出，发生了可怕的事情。 By law, you are a child until you are 18.按照法律规定，18 岁之前是未成年人。 past somebody/something经过 He walked by me without speaking.他一言不发地从我身边走过。 used to show the part of somebody/something that somebody touches, holds, etc.（表示触及或抓住的人或物的部分） I took him by the hand.我拉着他的手。 She seized her by the hair.她揪住她的头发。 Pick it up by the handle!抓着手柄把它提起来！ used with the to show the period or quantity used for buying, selling or measuring something（与 the 连用，表示时间或量度单位） We rented the car by the day.我们按日租用汽车。 They're paid by the hour.他们的报酬是按小时计算的。 We only sell it by the metre.我们只按米出售。 used to state the rate at which something happens（表示速率） They're improving day by day.他们在一天天地改进。 We'll do it bit by bit.我们会一点一点地做。 It was getting worse by the minute (= very fast).情况急速恶化。 The children came in two by two (= in groups of two).孩子们一对一对地走了进来。 used to show the measurements of something（表示尺寸时用） The room measures fifteen feet by twenty feet.房间 15 英尺宽 20 英尺长。 used when multiplying or dividing（用于乘除运算） 6 multiplied by 2 equals 12.6 乘以 2 等于 12。 6 divided by 2 equals 3.6 除以 2 等于 3。 used for giving more information about where somebody comes from, what somebody does, etc.（补充有关出生地、职业等的信息） He's German by birth.他是德国血统的。 They're both doctors by profession.他们两人的职业都是医生。 used when swearing to mean ‘in the name of’（起誓时用）以…的名义 I swear by Almighty God…我以全能上帝之名发誓… 词源Old English bī, bi, be, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch bij and German bei. Idioms by the by/bye (also by the way) (informal) used to introduce a comment or question that is not directly related to what you have been talking about顺便提一下；捎带说一声；附带问一句 by adverb /baɪ/ /baɪ/ Idioms past经过 Just drive by. Don't stop.直接开过去。别停车。 He hurried by without speaking to me.他没和我说话就匆匆过去了。 Excuse me, I can't get by.劳驾，请让开点路。 Time goes by so quickly.时光飞逝。 Homophones buy \| by \| byebuy by bye /baɪ/ /baɪ/ buy verb Some people buy all their groceries online.有些人在网上购买所有的杂货。 by preposition I think he was motivated by his mother.我觉得他是受了他妈妈的激励。 by adverb Don't let the opportunity pass you by.别让机会从你身边溜走。 bye exclamation Bye! See you later.回头见。 used to say that something is saved so that it can be used in the future（表示保留或保存时用） I've put some money by for college fees.我已经存了些钱作大学学费。 in order to visit somebody for a short time短暂拜访 I'll come by this evening and pick up the books.我今晚过来取书。词源Old English bī, bi, be, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch bij and German bei. Idioms by and by (old-fashioned) before long; soon不久；很快 By and by she met an old man with a beard.她不久就碰到了一个大胡子老头。 by and large used when you are saying something that is generally, but not completely, true大体上；总的来说 By and large, I enjoyed my time at school.总的说来，我在学校的日子很开心。 Language Bank generallygenerallyWays of saying ‘in general’“通常” 的表达方式 Women generally earn less than men.女人通常比男人挣钱少。 Generally speaking, jobs traditionally done by women are paid at a lower rate than those traditionally done by men.一般来说，传统上由妇女干的工作比传统上由男人干的工作报酬低。 In general/By and large, women do not earn as much as men.总的说来，女人不如男人挣钱多。 Certain jobs, like nursing and cleaning, are still mainly carried out by women.有些工作仍然主要由女性做，比如护理和保洁。 Senior management posts are predominantly held by men.高层管理职位大多由男性担任。 Most senior management posts tend to be held by men.大多数高层管理职位通常由男性担任。 Women are, for the most part, still paid less than men.女人的薪水多半仍比男人低。 Economic and social factors are, to a large extent, responsible for women being concentrated in low-paid jobs.经济和社会因素在很大程度上导致女性集中于低报酬工作。
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