firm

noun

/fɜːm/

/fɜːrm/

a business or company商行；商号；公司
- a law/consulting/research firm法律/咨询/研究公司
- an accounting/investment firm会计/投资公司
- They hired an engineering firm to produce a model of their device.他们雇佣了一家工程公司来生产他们设备的模型。
- a firm of something a firm of solicitors/accountants/architects 律师/会计师/建筑师事务所
- She works for a firm of management consultants based in London.她为一家总部设在伦敦的管理咨询公司工作。
Collocations Business
Business商业Running a business经营企业
- buy/acquire/own/sell a company/firm/franchise 收购／获得／拥有／出售公司／商行／特许经销权
- set up/establish/start/start up/launch a business/company创办企业／公司
- run/operate a business/company/franchise经营企业／公司／专卖店
- head/run a firm/department/team管理公司／部门／团队
- make/secure/win/block a deal达成／阻止一笔交易
- expand/grow/build the business扩展业务
- boost/increase investment/spending/sales/turnover/earnings/exports/trade增加投资／支出／销售量／营业额／收入／出口／贸易
- increase/expand production/output/sales增加产量／输出量／销售量
- boost/maximize production/productivity/efficiency/income/revenue/profit/profitability使产量／生产力／效率／收入／收益／利润／收益增加／最大化
- achieve/maintain/sustain growth/profitability实现／维持／保持增长／收益
- cut/reduce/bring down/lower/slash costs/prices削减成本／价格
- announce/impose/make cuts/cutbacks宣布／强制实行／实施削减
Sales and marketing销售和市场营销
- break into/enter/capture/dominate the market打入／进入／占领／控制市场
- gain/grab/take/win/boost/lose market share取得／夺取／得到／赢得／增加／丢失市场份额
- find/build/create a market for something为某物找到／建立／开创市场
- start/launch an advertising/a marketing campaign发起广告／营销宣传活动
- develop/launch/promote a product/website开发／推出／推销产品／网站
- create/generate demand for your product为产品创造需求
- attract/get/retain/help customers/clients吸引／赢得／留住／帮助顾客／客户
- drive/generate/boost/increase demand/sales刺激／创造／提高／增加需求／销售量
- beat/keep ahead of/out-think/outperform the competition打败／领先于／智胜／胜过竞争对手
- meet/reach/exceed/miss sales targets完成／达到／超过／未达到销售目标
Finance财务
- draw up/set/present/agree/approve a budget起草／制订／提出／批准预算
- keep to/balance/cut/reduce/slash the budget执行／平衡／削减／大幅削减预算
- be/come in below/under/over/within budget未超出／超出预算；在预算之内
- generate income/revenue/profit/funds/business产生收益／利润／资金／营业额
- fund/finance a campaign/a venture/an expansion/spending/a deficit为活动／商业项目／扩张／开支／赤字提供资金
- provide/raise/allocate capital/funds提供／筹集／分配资金
- attract/encourage investment/investors吸引／鼓励投资／投资者
- recover/recoup costs/losses/an investment收回成本／亏损／投资
- get/obtain/offer somebody/grant somebody credit/a loan获得／为某人提供／准予某人贷款
- apply for/raise/secure/arrange/provide finance申请／筹集／获得／安排／提供资金
Failure失败；不成功
- lose business/trade/customers/sales/revenue失去生意／买卖／顾客／销量／收益
- accumulate/accrue/incur/run up debts累积／积累／招致／积欠债务
- suffer/sustain enormous/heavy/serious losses蒙受惨重损失
- face cuts/a deficit/redundancy/bankruptcy面临削减／赤字／裁员／破产
- file for/ (North American English) enter/avoid/escape bankruptcy申请／避免／幸免破产
- (British English) go into administration/liquidation进入行政接管／清算
- liquidate/wind up a company清算／关闭公司
- survive/weather a recession/downturn艰难渡过萧条期／衰退期
- propose/seek/block/oppose a merger提出／寻求／阻止／反对合并
- launch/make/accept/defeat a takeover bid发起／进行／接受／阻止收购投标
- By the age of only 28 she was a partner in a top law firm.年仅28岁时，她就成为一家顶级律师事务所的合伙人。
- the city's oldest and most prestigious law firm该市历史最久、最负盛名的律师事务所
- I'm a designer at a London-based publishing firm.我是伦敦一家出版公司的设计师。
- The group hired a large PR and lobbying firm.该集团雇佣了一家大型公关和游说公司。
- They are an investment-banking firm specializing in mergers and acquisitions.他们是一家专门从事并购的投资银行公司。
- She set up her own software firm.她创建了自己的软件公司。
- The technology is now available for use by government agencies and private firms.这项技术现在可供政府机构和私人公司使用。
- He founded a firm called Artek in 1935 to manufacture and distribute his designs.1935年，他成立了一家名为Artek的公司，生产和销售他的设计。
- He owns a local construction firm.他拥有一家当地建筑公司。
- Wendy has joined the firm as director of marketing.温迪加入了公司，担任营销总监。
- Local firms are finding it difficult to compete in the international market.当地公司发现很难在国际市场竞争。
- She hired a firm of private detectives to follow him.她雇了一家私人侦探社跟踪他。
- He is the senior partner of a firm of solictors.他是一家solictors公司的高级合伙人。
- She heads a firm of independent financial advisers.她领导着一家独立财务顾问公司。
- The firm employs 85 000 people around the world.公司在世界范围内雇用了 85,000 人。
- The firm was taken over by a multinational consultancy.这家公司被一家跨国咨询公司接管了。
- The well-established firm closed down with the loss of 600 jobs.那家地位巩固的公司倒闭了，造成 600 个工作岗位的丧失。
- They are likely to merge with a bigger firm.他们很可能和一家较大的公司合并。
- US firms operating in China在中国运营的美国公司
- firms operating in domestic makets在国内市场经营的公司
- a firm specializing in high-tech products专门从事高科技产品的公司
- At 16 he went to work for the family firm.16岁时，他开始为家族企业工作。
Topics Businessb2
Collocations Dictionary
adjective
- big
- large
- major
- …
verb + firm
- establish
- found
- launch
- …
firm + verb
- be based in something
- expand
- grow
- …
preposition
- in a/the firm
- within a/the firm
phrases
- a client of a firm
- a firm of accountants, consultants, solicitors, etc.
- a partner in a firm
- …
词源noun late 16th cent.: from Spanish and Italian firma, from medieval Latin, from Latin firmare ‘fix, settle’ (in late Latin ‘confirm by signature’), from firmus ‘firm’; compare with farm. The 词源ally denoted one's autograph or signature; later (mid 18th cent.) the name under which the business of a firm was transacted, hence the firm itself (late 18th cent.).

firm

adjective

/fɜːm/

/fɜːrm/

(comparative firmer, superlative firmest)

Idioms

fairly hard; not easy to press into a different shape坚固的；坚硬的；结实的
- a firm bed/mattress结实的床／床垫
- These peaches are still firm.这些桃子还很硬。
- It was good to feel the firm ground underfoot after hours of trudging through flooded fields.在洪水淹没的田野中跋涉了几个小时后，感觉脚下坚实的土地很好。
- Bake the cakes until they are firm to the touch.把糕饼烤到摸起来有硬感为止。
- Use extra stuffing to make the cushions firmer.再添些填充料让垫子硬一点儿。
- exercises to keep your muscles firm使肌肉保持强健的运动
- He put a hand on her shoulder, which was firm and slender.他把一只手放在她结实纤细的肩膀上。
Collocations Dictionary
verbs
- be
- feel
- look
- …
adverb
- extremely
- fairly
- very
- …
not likely to change坚定的；确定的；坚决的
- a firm believer in socialism坚定信仰社会主义的人
- a firm agreement/date/decision/offer/promise巩固的协议；确定的日期；不能更改的决定；实盘；坚决的保证
- firm beliefs/conclusions/convictions/principles坚定不移的信仰；定论；坚定的信念／原则
- She is a firm favourite with the children.孩子们着实喜欢她。
- We have no firm evidence to support the case.我们没有确凿的证据支持这个论点。
- They remained firm friends.他们依然友情甚笃。
- No firm agreement was reached.没有达成明确的协议。
- No firm date has yet been set for the launch.发行的日期尚未确定。
- Jo held firm: nothing else would do.乔很坚决：其他都不行。
- We stand firm on these principles.对于这些原则我们立场很坚定。
- At the age of 87 he is still a firm believer in socialism.他在87岁高龄依然坚信社会主义。
- Further research is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn.在得出任何确定的结论之前，还需要进一步的研究。
Collocations Dictionary
verbs
- be
- sound
- hold
- …
adverb
- extremely
- fairly
- very
- …
preposition
- with
strongly fixed in place牢固的；稳固的 synonym secure
- Stand the fish tank on a firm base.把鱼缸放在牢固的基座上。
- No building can stand without firm foundations, and neither can a marriage.没有稳固的基础，建筑就不牢靠，婚姻也是如此。
(of somebody’s voice or hand movements声音或手势) strong and steady强有力的；坚决的
- ‘No,’ she repeated, her voice firmer this time.“不。” 她重复说，这次语气较前坚决。
- With a firm grip on my hand, he pulled me away.他紧握我的手把我拉开。
- She took a firm hold of my arm.她紧紧地抓住我的胳膊。
- Her handshake was cool and firm.她握手镇定而有力。
- Close the hatches with a firm push on the lever.用力推一下操纵杆来关上舱门。
(of somebody’s behaviour, position or understanding of something行为、处境或理解) strong and in control牢牢控制的；严格的；掌握的
- to exercise firm control/discipline/leadership实施严格的控制／纪律／领导
- Parents must be firm with their children.父母必须对子女严格。
- The company now has a firm footing in the marketplace.现在这家公司在市场上已站稳了脚跟。
- This book will give your students a firm grasp of English grammar.这本书将使学生牢固地掌握英语语法。
- We need to keep a firm grip on the situation.我们需要牢牢地掌握局面。
- Her employees regarded her as firm but fair.她的员工认为她坚定但公平。
- Many of the teachers feel that firmer discipline is needed in the school.许多老师认为学校需要更严格的纪律。
- People are looking towards him for firm leadership.人们都盼望他是个强悍的领导。
- The authorities took firm action to end the violence.当局采取坚决行动结束暴力。
[usually before noun] firm (against something) (of a country’s money, etc.货币等) not lower than another坚挺的
- The euro remained firm against the dollar, but fell against the yen.欧元对美元依然坚挺，但对日元的汇率则下跌。

firm

adverb

/fɜːm/

/fɜːrm/

词源adverb Middle English: from Old French ferme, from Latin firmus.

Idioms

hold firm (to something)

(formal) to believe something strongly and not change your mind坚信；坚持
- She held firm to her principles.她坚持自己的原则。

stand fast/firm

to refuse to move back; to refuse to change your opinions坚定不移；不让步；坚持自己的观点

firm

verb

/fɜːm/

/fɜːrm/

动词形式

present simple I / you / we / they firm	/fɜːm/ /fɜːrm/
he / she / it firms	/fɜːmz/ /fɜːrmz/
past simple firmed	/fɜːmd/ /fɜːrmd/
past participle firmed	/fɜːmd/ /fɜːrmd/
-ing form firming	/ˈfɜːmɪŋ/ /ˈfɜːrmɪŋ/

Phrasal Verbs

[transitive] firm something to make something become stronger or harder使强壮；使坚固；使坚实
- Firm the soil around the plant.把植物周围的土弄紧实。
- This product claims to firm your body in six weeks.这个产品据称能在六周内使身体强壮。
[intransitive] firm (to/at…) (finance金融) (of shares, prices, etc.股票、物价等) to become steady or rise steadily坚挺；稳步上涨
- The company's shares firmed 3p to 696p.这家公司的股票涨了 3 便士，升至 696 便士。

词源verb Middle English: from Old French ferme, from Latin firmus.

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